{"id":659,"date":"2015-09-26T20:39:25","date_gmt":"2015-09-26T11:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/?p=659"},"modified":"2015-10-02T15:56:45","modified_gmt":"2015-10-02T06:56:45","slug":"eriospermum-%e3%82%a8%e3%83%aa%e3%82%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%83%9a%e3%83%ab%e3%83%9e%e3%83%a0%e5%b1%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/?p=659","title":{"rendered":"Eriospermum \u30a8\u30ea\u30aa\u30b9\u30da\u30eb\u30de\u30e0\u5c5e"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Seberg, O., Petersen, G., Davis, J. I., Pires, J. C., Stevenson, D. W., Chase, M. W., Fay, M. F., Devey, D. S., J\u00f8rgensen, T., Sytsma, K. J., and Pillon, Y. 2012. Phylogeny of the Asparagales based on three plastid and two mitochondrial genes. American J. Bot. 99: 875-889.<\/p>\n

Steele, P. R., Hertweck, K. L., Mayfield, D., McKain, M. R., Leebens-Mack, J., and Pires, J. C. 2012. Quality and quantity of data recovered from massively parallel sequencing: Examples in Asparagales and Poaceae. American J. Bot. 99: 330348.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u30ad\u30b8\u30ab\u30af\u30b7\u4e9c\u79d1\u306f\uff13\u500b\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u542b\u3080\u6db2\u679c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u30d5\u30a1\u30a4\u30c8\u30e1\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Asparagoideae form berries with more than three seeds with phytomelan..<\/p>\n

Rudall, P.J., Conran, J.G., and Chase, M.W. 2000. Systematics of Ruscaceae\/Convallariaceae: a combined morphological and molecular investigation. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 134: 73-92.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Eriospermum<\/em>\u306e\u5168\u3066\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306fSpecies Nursery\u306e\u85e4\u5ddd\u53f2\u96c4\u69d8\u306e\u3054\u539a\u610f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u85e4\u5ddd\u69d8\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u54c1\u3092\u64ae\u5f71\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5b66\u540d\u3084\u8a18\u8f09\u5185\u5bb9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u540c\u597d\u306e\u65b9\u304b\u3089\u3054\u6559\u793a\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5834\u3092\u501f\u308a\u3066\u611f\u8b1d\u7533\u3057\u4e0a\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d04100\u7a2e\u304c\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3092\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b (Perry 1994)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3046\u3061\u7d0413\u7a2e\u306f\u8449\u306e\u5411\u8ef8\u5074\u306b\u7a81\u8d77\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a81\u8d77\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u7a2e\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306f\u540c\u3058\u6838\u578b\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u5358\u7cfb\u7d71\u7fa4\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08Vosa and Perry 2012)\u3002<\/p>\n

All photos of Eriospermum<\/em> are took in Species Nursery by great courtesy of Mr. Fumio Fujikawa. I also appreciate an anonymous reader for suggestion on some scientific names.<\/p>\n

Approximately 100 species are distributed mainly in South Africa (Perry 1994). About 13 species form leaf appendages but others do not (Perry 1984). These appendaged species share similar karyotype and are inferred to be monophyletic (Vosa and Perry 2012).<\/p>\n

Perry, P. L. 1994. A revision of the genus Eriosperma (Eriospermaceae). Contrib. Bolus Herb. 17: 1-320.<\/p>\n

Vosa, C.G. and Perry, P.L. 2012. On the cytotaxonomy of the genus Eriospermum Jacq. Ex Willd. (Erisspermaceae). Caryologia 52: 117-125.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Eriospermum<\/em>\u306e\u6839\u830e\u306f\u80da\u8ef8\u8d77\u6e90\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08Perry 1994)\u3002<\/p>\n

The corm of Eriospermum is originated from a hypocotyl (Perry 1994).<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Eriospermum<\/em>\u306e\u7a2e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5909\u308f\u3063\u305f\u82b1\u5e8f\u3084\u7a81\u8d77\u306e\u3042\u308b\u8449\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002E. bayeri<\/em>\u306f\u82b1\u5f8c\u3082\u82b1\u5e8f\u304c\u9577\u304f\u6b8b\u5b58\u3057\u3001\u5149\u5408\u6210\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3002E. aphyllum<\/em>\u306f\u82b1\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u306a\u3044\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u5149\u5408\u6210\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002E. dregei<\/em>\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u3066\u6bdb\u304c\u305f\u304f\u3055\u3093\u751f\u3048\u305f\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5149\u5408\u6210\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u9727\u304c\u304b\u304b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u4e7e\u71e5\u5730\u5e2f\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9727\u304b\u3089\u6c34\u5206\u3092\u9078\u308b\u5f79\u5272\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002E. cervicorne<\/em>\u306f\u8449\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u591a\u6570\u306e\u7a81\u8d77\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u305f\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u304c\u82de\u8449\u306b\u7652\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002E. alcicorne<\/em>\u3084E. appendiculatum<\/em>\u306f\u8449\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u7a81\u8d77\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7a81\u8d77\u3082\u3001\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u304c\u7652\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3067\u304d\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u767a\u751f\u904e\u7a0b\u3084\u7a81\u8d77\u306e\u7dad\u7ba1\u675f\u306e\u9053\u7ba1\u3068\u5e2b\u7ba1\u306e\u4f4d\u7f6e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7a81\u8d77\u304c\u82b1\u5e8f\u8d77\u6e90\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u308f\u304b\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u690d\u7269\u306e\u82b1\u5e8f\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u767a\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u767a\u73fe\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306a\u3089\u3069\u3046\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3082\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3068\u9762\u767d\u305d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce8\uff1a\u3053\u3053\u3067\u306f\u5e73\u9762\u8449\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u7acb\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u7684\u5668\u5b98\u3084\u8449\u72b6\u7a81\u8d77\u3092\u3001\u82b1\u5e8f\u304c\u5909\u5f62\u3057\u3066\u3067\u304d\u305f\u5668\u5b98\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u4eee\u8aac\u306e\u3082\u3068\u300c\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3093\u3067\u3044\u307e\u3059\u304c\u3001\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u82b1\u5e8f\u7531\u6765\u304b\u306f\u307e\u3060\u308f\u304b\u308a\u307e\u305b\u3093\u3002\u4eca\u5f8c\u306e\u7814\u7a76\u3067\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u601d\u3044\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n

Some species of Eriospermum<\/em> has unusual inflorescence-like organs and leaf appendages. E. bayeri<\/em> has long-lasting inflorescence after blooming. E. aphyllum<\/em> forms non-reproductive inflorescence-like organ, which is formed without flowers and stout stems. E. dregei<\/em> forms multiply divided vegetative inflorescence-like organ with dense hair. A leaf of E. cervicorne <\/em>has appendages, which appear to be a fusion of multiply divided vegetative inflorescence-like organ. E. alcicome<\/em> and E. appenduculatum<\/em> has appendages on their leaves. These appendages may be homologous to branches of a vegetative inflorescence-like organ. Development and anatomical analyses of these appendages will give insight on the origin of leaf appendages in Eriospermum<\/em>.<\/p>\n

The unusual vegetative inflorescence-like organs and leaf appendages appear to be adaptive for dry environments to capture water from fogs.<\/p>\n

The number and size of appendages are variable in a population of some species, but it appears that the total area of appendages and leaf is mostly constant between leaves (Perry 1994). This suggests that appendages are useful for photosynthesis.<\/p>\n

Perry, P. L. 1994. A revision of the genus Eriosperma (Eriospermaceae). Contrib. Bolus Herb. 17: 1-320.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

E. porhyrovalve<\/em>\u306e\u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u82b1\u5f8c\u67af\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Inflorescences of E. porhyrovalve<\/em> is senesced when seeds are not harvested.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

E. cooperi<\/em>\u306e\u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u82b1\u5f8c\u67af\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Inflorescences of E. cooperi<\/em> is senesced when seeds are not harvested.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Eriospermum bayeri<\/em>\u306e\u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u7a14\u3089\u306a\u304f\u3066\u3082\u6b8b\u5b58\u3057\u3001\u5149\u5408\u6210\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3060\u3002<\/p>\n

Inflorescences of Eriospermum bayeri<\/em> is alive even after no fruits are formed.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Eriospermum aphyllum<\/em>\u306e\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u306e\u5668\u5b98\u306f\u82b1\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305a\u3001\u9577\u304f\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6804\u990a\u6027\u306e\u82b1\u5e8f\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30c8\u30a6\u30c0\u30a4\u30b0\u30b5\u79d1\u306e\u690d\u7269\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u8449\u3067\u306a\u304f\u67f1\u72b6\u306e\u830e\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u84b8\u6563\u3092\u9632\u304e\u3001\u4e7e\u71e5\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u9069\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Eriospermum aphyllum<\/em> forms a vegetative inflorescence-like organ, which does not have any flowers and is long-lasting. As some succulent species in Euphorbiaceae, the vegetative inflorescence-like organ should be adaptive under dry conditions.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Eriospermum paradoxum<\/em>\u306f\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u5206\u5c90\u3059\u308b\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u679d\u5206\u304b\u308c\u3057\u3001\u6bdb\u304c\u751f\u3048\u305f\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u306f\u4e7e\u71e5\u5730\u57df\u3067\u3001\u9727\u304b\u3089\u6c34\u5206\u3092\u3068\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5f79\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Eriospermum paradoxum<\/em> forms a multiply divided vegetative inflorescence-like organ. Hairy and branched vegetative inflorescence-like organs should be adaptive for dry conditions to capture water from fogs (Vogel and M\u00fcller-Doblies 2011).<\/p>\n

Vogel, S. and M\u00fcller-Doblies, U. 2011. Desert geophytes under dew and fog: The “curly-whirlies” of Namaqualand (South Africa). Flora 206: 3-31.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u3084\u3084\u4e0d\u898f\u5247\u306a\u7dcf\u72b6\u82b1\u5e8f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5206\u5c90\u306e\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

Partly disarranged raceme-like vegetative inflorescence-like organs.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u6bdb\u304c\u751f\u3048\u305f\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3044\u8449\u306f\u4e21\u9762\u306b\u6bdb\u304c\u751f\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u3092\u62b1\u304f\u8449\uff08\u82de\uff09\u306f\u5411\u8ef8\u5074\u306b\u6bdb\u304c\u7121\u3044\u3002\u3069\u3046\u3057\u3066\u306a\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n

Complex, branched and hairy vegetative inflorescence-organs. A leaf is hairy on both sides but the adaxial surface of a bract is relatively glabrous. Why?<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u6bdb\u304c\u751f\u3048\u305f\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u3002\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u5206\u5c90\u3067\u3001\u3069\u3093\u306a\u767a\u751f\u7684\u306a\u898f\u5247\u3067\u3067\u304d\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u4e0d\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n

Complex, branched and hairy vegetative inflorescence-like organs. The pattern of branching is complicated and what is a developmental rule to organize the form..<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u305f\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u304c\u82de\u306b\u7652\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

A vegetative inflorescence-like organ appears to be fused with a bract.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u305f\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u304c\u82de\u306b\u7652\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

A vegetative inflorescence-like organ appears to be fused with a bract.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u305f\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u304c\u82de\u306b\u7652\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n

A vegetative inflorescence-like organ appears to be fused with a bract.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u8449\u306e\u4e0a\u306e\u7a81\u8d77\u306f\u8449\u72b6\u3002\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u304c\u7652\u5408\u3057\u3001\u679d\u304c\u8449\u72b6\u5316\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n

Appendages are leaf-like. After the fusion of a vegetative inflorescence-like organ, branches may be changed to be leaf-like.\"\"<\/a>\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u6804\u990a\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u304c\u7652\u5408\u3057\u305f\u306a\u3089\u3001\u7a81\u8d77\u306e\u51fa\u3066\u3044\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u304b\u3089\u8449\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308a\u3001\u7dad\u7ba1\u675f\u304c\u672c\u6765\u306e\u82de\u306e\u7dad\u7ba1\u675f\u3068\u91cd\u8907\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n

If vegetative inflorescence-like organ is fused, vascular bundles may be doubled from the junction to a leaf base.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

E. appendiculatum<\/em>\u306e\u7a81\u8d77\u306f\u6804\u990a\u6027\u82b1\u5e8f\u69d8\u5668\u5b98\u304c\u7652\u5408\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u306a\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u7a81\u8d77\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306e\u6bdb\u304c\u8449\u7e01\u306e\u6bdb\u3068\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u3082\u3057\u304b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u7a81\u8d77\u3068\u306f\u9055\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8449\u7e01\u3067\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u3079\u304d\u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u304c\u7570\u6240\u7684\u306b\u767a\u73fe\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u8449\u306e\u8868\u9762\u306e\u7d30\u80de\u304c\u8449\u7e01\u3068\u3057\u3066\u904b\u547d\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n

It is quite hard to say these appendages are homologous to the vegetative inflorescence-like organ. Hair at the tip of an appendage is similar to that at the leaf margin, suggesting that the appendage captures a part of fate of leaf margin with meristematic activity.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Seberg, O., Petersen, G., Davis, J. I., … \u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[47,145,115],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/659"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=659"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/659\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":796,"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/659\/revisions\/796"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=659"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=659"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=659"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}