{"id":1490,"date":"2026-04-26T22:17:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-26T13:17:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/?p=1490"},"modified":"2026-04-26T22:17:19","modified_gmt":"2026-04-26T13:17:19","slug":"%e3%82%b3%e3%82%af%e3%83%aa%e3%82%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%83%86%e3%83%9e-%e3%82%aa%e3%83%89%e3%83%a9%e3%83%86%e3%82%a3%e3%83%83%e3%82%b7%e3%83%a0%e3%83%a0%e3%81%ae%e6%8c%af%e5%8b%95%e9%80%81%e7%b2%89-buzz-poll","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/?p=1490","title":{"rendered":"\u30b3\u30af\u30ea\u30aa\u30b9\u30c6\u30de \u30aa\u30c9\u30e9\u30c6\u30a3\u30c3\u30b7\u30e0\u30e0\u306e\u632f\u52d5\u9001\u7c89 Buzz-pollination of Cochliostema odoratissimum"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u30c4\u30e6\u30af\u30b5\u79d1\u306e\u7956\u5148\u7684\u306a\u82b1\u306e\u82b1\u5f0f\u56f3 Floral diagram of the ancestral condition in Commelinaceae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u82b1\u5f0f\u56f3\u306f\u3001\u56f3\u306e\u4e0a\u5074\u304c\u82b1\u5e8f\u8ef8\u5074\u3001\u4e0b\u5074\u304c\u82de\u8449\u5074\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u63cf\u304f (De Crane 2010)\u3002\u30c4\u30e6\u30af\u30b5\u79d1\u306e\u82b1\u5f0f\u56f3\u306f\u4e0a\u306e\u5de6\u56f3\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308b (De Crane 2010, Evans et al. 2000)\u3002\u53f3\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306f\u30e0\u30e9\u30b5\u30ad\u30c4\u30e6\u30af\u30b5\u3067\u82b1\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u8aac\u660e\u3057\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Floral diagrams are drawn such that the upper side of the figure corresponds to the inflorescence axis and the lower side to the bract side (De Craene 2010). The floral diagram of Commelinaceae is as shown in the left panel (De Craene 2010; Evans et al. 2000). The photograph on the right shows Tradescantia<\/em> <\/em>ohiensis<\/em>, in which the floral structure is illustrated.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em>\u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u7c73\u5357\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u5357\u7c73\u5317\u90e8\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3001\u30bf\u30f3\u30af\u578b\uff08\u8449\u814b\u306b\u6c34\u3092\u6e9c\u3081\u308b\uff09\u7740\u751f\u690d\u7269\u3067\u3001\u76f4\u5f845 cm\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u30c4\u30e6\u30af\u30b5\u79d1\u6700\u5927\u306e\u82b1\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\uff08Hardy and Stevenson 2000)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cochliostema<\/em> <\/em>odoratissimum<\/em> is distributed from southern Central America to northern South America. It is a tank-forming epiphytic plant (retaining water in the leaf axils) and produces the largest flowers in Commelinaceae, reaching up to 5 cm in diameter (Hardy and Stevenson 2000).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em>-1: Photo by Kabir Montesinos, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/596297084, CC BY-NC-ND 4.0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em>-2: Photo by Diego cabrera, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/466361117, CC BY-NC<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u89b3\u5bdf\u306b\u306f\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u5e02\u6771\u5c71\u690d\u7269\u5712\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u682a\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u3002\u89b3\u5bdf\u3092\u8a31\u53ef\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u97f3\u53c9\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5b9f\u9a13\u306b\u3054\u5354\u529b\u3044\u305f\u3060\u3044\u305f\u540c\u690d\u7269\u5712\u306b\u611f\u8b1d\u7533\u3057\u4e0a\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cultivated plants at the Higashiyama Botanical Garden, Nagoya, were used for the observations. We thank the Garden for granting permission to conduct the observations and for assistance with the tuning-fork experiments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em>\u306e\u82b1\u3068\u30c4\u30e6\u30af\u30b5\u79d1\u306e\u7956\u5148\u7684\u306a\u82b1\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03
Comparison between the flower of Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em> and the ancestral flower of Commelinaceae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em>\u306e\u82b1\uff08\u53f3\u4e0a\u306e\u82b1\u5f0f\u56f3\u3068\u4e0b\u65b9\u306e\u5199\u771f\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30c4\u30e6\u30af\u30b5\u79d1\u306e\u7956\u5148\u7684\u306a\u82b1\uff08\u5de6\u4e0a\u306e\u82b1\u5f0f\u56f3\uff09\u3068\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u3001\uff11\uff09\uff11\u672c\u306e\u5916\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3068\uff12\u672c\u306e\u5185\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3001\u8a08\uff13\u672c\u306e\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u304c\u7652\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\uff08staminal cuculli\uff1aHardy and Stevenson 2000\uff09\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\uff12\uff09\u5916\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u3046\u3061\u82b1\u5e8f\u8ef8\u5074\u306e\uff12\u672c\u304c\u9577\u6bdb\u3067\u8986\u308f\u308c\u305f\u5916\u5074\u4eee\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u30013) \u82b1\u5e8f\u8ef8\u5074\u306e\u5185\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u539f\u57fa\u306f\u3067\u304d\u308b\u304c\u6210\u9577\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u306e\uff13\u70b9\u3067\u5927\u304d\u304f\u7570\u306a\u308b (Hardy and Stevenson 2000)\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306e\u5916\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u6a59\u8272\u306e\u9577\u6bdb\u304c\u5bc6\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u82b1\u5f01\u306e\u7e01\u306b\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u306e\u6570\u73e0\u72b6\u6bdb\u304c\u5bc6\u751f\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u8cea\u306f(\u53f3\u4e0b\u5199\u771f\uff09\u3001\u30b3\u30af\u30ea\u30aa\u30b9\u30c6\u30de\u4e9c\u9023 Cochliostematinae\u306e\u5171\u6709\u6d3e\u751f\u5f62\u8cea\u3067\u3042\u308b (Hardy and Faden 2004)\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The flowers of Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em> (floral diagram at upper right and photographs below) differ markedly from the ancestral flowers of Commelinaceae (floral diagram at upper left) in three respects: (1) one outer stamen and two inner stamens (three in total) are fused to form a hood-like staminal fascicle (staminal cuculli; Hardy and Stevenson 2000); (2) of the outer stamens, the two on the inflorescence-axis side become outer staminodes covered with long hairs; and (3) the primordium of the inner stamen on the inflorescence-axis side is formed but does not develop (Hardy and Stevenson 2000). In addition, dense orange long hairs occur at the base of the outer stamens of the hood-like staminal fascicle. Furthermore, the presence of dense multicellular moniliform hairs along the petal margins (lower right photograph) is a synapomorphic character of Cochliostematinae (Hardy and Faden 2004).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em> \u306e\u82b1\u306f\u3001\u5de6\u56f3\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u304c\u96cc\u305a\u3044\u3088\u308a\u3082\u82b1\u5e8f\u8ef8\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u5074\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3057\u3066\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u82b1\u5e8f\u304c\u76f4\u7dda\u7684\u306b\u4f38\u9577\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306f\u82b1\u306e\u4e0b\u5074\u3001\u96cc\u305a\u3044\u306f\u4e0a\u5074\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u5b9f\u969b\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3055\u305d\u308a\u72b6\u82b1\u5e8f\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u82b1\u5e8f\u8ef8\u304c\u306d\u3058\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u958b\u82b1\u6642\u306b\u306f\u4e2d\u592e\u56f3\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53f3\u5199\u771f\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u304c\u82b1\u306e\u4e0a\u5074\u3001\u96cc\u305a\u3044\u304c\u4e0b\u5074\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u5e8f\u304c\u6a2a\u306b\u4f38\u3073\u3060\u3059\u5834\u5408\u3082\uff08\u53f3\u4e0b\u5199\u771f\uff09\u3001\u82b1\u5e8f\u304c\u4e0a\u65b9\u306b\u4f38\u3073\u3060\u3059\u5834\u5408\uff08\u53f3\u4e0a\u5199\u771f\uff09\u3068\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u96cc\u305a\u3044\u304c\u4e0b\u5074\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u304c\u4e0a\u5074\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u82b1\u6897\u306b\u91cd\u529b\u611f\u77e5\u3057\u65b9\u5411\u5236\u5fa1\u3059\u308b\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u3042\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The flowers of Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em>, as shown in the left figure, are formed with the staminal cuculli positioned more toward the basal side of the inflorescence axis than the pistil. If the inflorescence were to elongate linearly in this configuration, the staminal cuculli would be positioned on the lower side of the flower and the pistil on the upper side. In reality, however, the inflorescence axis twists in the scorpioid cyme, so that at anthesis the staminal cuculli are positioned on the upper side of the flower and the pistil on the lower side, as shown in the middle figure and the right photographs. When the inflorescence extends laterally (lower right photograph), as well as when it extends upward (upper right photograph), the pistil is consistently positioned on the lower side and the staminal cuculli on the upper side. This suggests that the pedicel may possess a mechanism for sensing gravity and controlling orientation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em>\u306e\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306e\u69cb\u9020 Structure of staminal cuculli<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u306e\u6b63\u9762\u304b\u3089\u898b\u3066\u3001\u5de6\u5074\u306b\u306d\u3058\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08\u5de6\u4e0a\u5199\u771f\uff09\u3002\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u3092\u96cc\u3057\u3079\u5074\uff08\u5de6\u4e0a\u5199\u771f\u306e\u9752\u8272\u77e2\u5370\u3001\u56f3B1\u304b\u3089\u56f3B3\uff09\u3068\u305d\u306e\u53cd\u5bfe\u5074\uff08\u540c\u7dd1\u8272\u77e2\u5370\u3001\u56f3G1\u304b\u3089\u56f3G4\uff09\u304b\u3089\u89b3\u5bdf\u3057\u305f\u3002\uff08B1\uff09\u96cc\u3057\u3079\u5074\u3067\u306f\u3001\uff12\u672c\u306e\u5185\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u304c\u5bc6\u306b\u63a5\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7d44\u7e54\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30d4\u30f3\u30bb\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u5dee\u3057\u8fbc\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u3053\u3058\u958b\u3051\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u9577\u6bdb\u304c\u5bc6\u751f\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306e\u5185\u5916\u3067\u7a7a\u6c17\u306e\u79fb\u52d5\u306f\u304a\u3053\u308a\u3046\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u5185\u5074\u304b\u3089\u5916\u5074\u3078\u82b1\u7c89\u304c\u653e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u56f0\u96e3\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002\uff08G1\u3001G2\uff09\u96cc\u3057\u3079\u304b\u3089\u9060\u3044\u5074\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5916\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u82b1\u7cf8\u3068\uff12\u672c\u306e\u5185\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u82b1\u7cf8\uff08G2\u306e\u9ed2\u8272\u661f\u5370\uff09\u304c\u7652\u5408\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001G2\u306e\u6a59\u8272\u70b9\u7dda\u90e8\u5206\u306b\u5207\u308c\u76ee\u3092\u5165\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u305f\uff13\u672c\u306e\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3092\u3001\u96cc\u3057\u3079\u5074\uff08B2)\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53cd\u5bfe\u5074\uff08G3\u3001G4\uff09\u304b\u3089\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306f\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u306e\u846f\u3068\u767d\u8272\u306e\u7c89\u72b6\u306e\u82b1\u7c89\uff08B3\u306e\u9ed2\u8272\u77e2\u5370\uff09\u3067\u6e80\u305f\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002Cochliostema<\/em>\u306f\u300c\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u306e\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u300d\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3001\u767a\u751f\u904e\u7a0b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3067\u846f\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u5074\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3057\u3001\uff14\u301c\uff15\u56de\u87ba\u65cb\u72b6\u306b\u5dfb\u304f\uff08Hardy and Stevenson 2000\u3001S1\u3001S2)\u3002S2\u306e\u6a59\u8272\u77e2\u5370\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u5185\u5074\u306b\u4f38\u3073\u3060\u3057\u305f\u82b1\u7cf8\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5168\u9577\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u7e26\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6a59\u8272\u306e\u6bdb\u306f\u5916\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The staminal cuculli are twisted to the left when viewed from the front of the flower (upper left photograph). The staminal cuculli were observed from the pistil side (blue arrow in the upper left photograph; Figs. B1\u2013B3) and from the opposite side (green arrow; Figs. G1\u2013G4). (B1) On the pistil side, the two inner stamens are closely appressed but are not fused as tissues. They can be pried apart by inserting forceps. However, although dense long hairs are present and air movement may occur between the inside and outside of the staminal cuculli, it appears difficult for pollen to be released from the inner to the outer side. (G1, G2) On the side distant from the pistil, the filament of the outer stamen is fused with the filaments of the two inner stamens (black asterisk in G2), and the stamens cannot be separated without making an incision along the orange dotted line in G2. When the three separated stamens are observed from the pistil side (B2) and from the opposite side (G3, G4), the interior of the staminal cuculli is filled with spiral anthers and white, powdery pollen (black arrow in B3). Cochliostema<\/em> means \u201cspiral stamens,\u201d and during development the distal end of the anther elongates and coils spirally four to five times (Hardy and Stevenson 2000; S1, S2). The orange arrow in S2 indicates a filament extending into the interior of the staminal cuculli. The anthers dehisce longitudinally along their entire length. The orange hairs arise from the base of the outer stamens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Cochliostema odoratissimum<\/em>\u306e\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u3084\u9001\u7c89\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f\u5831\u544a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\uff08Hardy and Stevenson 2000)\u3001\u958b\u82b1\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u82b1\u7c89\u304c\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306e\u5916\u5074\u306b\u653e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30cf\u30c1\u985e\u304c\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306b\u632f\u52d5\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u82b1\u7c89\u304c\u653e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u632f\u52d5\u9001\u7c89\uff08buzz-pollination\uff09\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u6307\u6458\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08Vogel 1978, Endress 1994, p. 155)\u3002\u632f\u52d5\u9001\u7c89\u306f\u3001\u7121\u99c4\u306a\u82b1\u7c89\u640d\u5931\u3092\u9632\u304e\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u632f\u52d5\u3092\u751f\u3058\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u9001\u7c89\u8005\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5229\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308a\uff08Mesquita-Neto aet al. 2018)\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30822\u4e07\u7a2e\u306e\u88ab\u5b50\u690d\u7269\u3067\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff08Vallejo-Marin and Russell 2024, Woodrow et al. 2024)\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u82b1\u306f\u3001\u5b54\u958b\u846f poricidal anther\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3001\u7d30\u9577\u304f\u3001\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u5148\u7aef\u306e\u5b54\u304b\u3089\u82b1\u7c89\u304c\u5f90\u3005\u306b\u653e\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u846f\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3067\u3042\u308b\uff08Vallejo-Marin and Russell 2024, Woodrow et al. 2024)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u3001C. odoratissimum<\/em>\u306f\uff13\u672c\u306e\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u304c\u5408\u6210\u3057\u3066\uff12\u679a\u8c9d\u72b6\u306e\u69cb\u9020\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u3067\u3053\u308c\u3089\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5b54\u958b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u5168\u9577\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u7e26\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u632f\u52d5\u9001\u7c89\u82b1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9ec4\u8272\u3044\u846f\u81ea\u4f53\u304c\u30cf\u30c1\u985e\u3092\u8a98\u5f15\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001C. odoratissimum<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u846f\u306f\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306e\u5185\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308a\u5916\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u306f\u898b\u3048\u306a\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3001\u5916\u5074\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u846f\u306b\u985e\u4f3c\u3057\u305f\u6a59\u8272\u306e\u6bdb\uff08\u767d\u9ed2\u5199\u771f\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53f3\u4e0a\u5199\u771f\u306e\u6a59\u8272\u77e2\u5370\uff09\u304c\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u30cf\u30c1\u985e\u3092\u8a98\u5f15\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08Vogel 1978)\u3002\u7a2e\u5c0f\u540d\u304c\u793a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u82b1\u5f01\u306f\u82b3\u9999\u3092\u767a\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u304c\u8a98\u5f15\u306b\u5bc4\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u3067\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u871c\u306f\u5206\u6ccc\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u5de6\u4e0a\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306f\u6b63\u9762\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e0b\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306f\u659c\u3081\u304b\u3089\u64ae\u5f71\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30d5\u30fc\u30c9\u72b6\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u675f\u306f\u82b1\u306e\u6b63\u9762\u304b\u3089\u898b\u3066\u5de6\u5074\u306b\u66f2\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3001\u82b1\u306e\u53f3\u5965\u306b\u6a59\u8272\u306e\u6bdb\u304c\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u632f\u52d5\u9001\u7c89\u3092\u3059\u308b\u30cf\u30c1\u985e\u306f\u3001\u846f\u306b\u5230\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3068\u4f53\u3092C\u5b57\u72b6\u306b\u66f2\u3052\u3066\u846f\u306e\u5468\u56f2\u306b\u5dfb\u304d\u4ed8\u304d\u3001\u80f8\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u9593\u63a5\u98db\u7fd4\u7b4b indirect flight muscle\u306e\u52d5\u304d\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u80f8\u90e8\u3001\u811a\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u982d\u90e8\u306b\u632f\u52d5\u3092\u751f\u3058\u3055\u305b\u3001\u846f\u304b\u3089\u82b1\u7c89\u3092\u653e\u51fa\u3055\u305b\u308b\uff08Vallejo-Marin and Russell 2024, Woodrow et al. 2024)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pollinating insects and the pollination system of Cochliostema<\/em> <\/em>odoratissimum<\/em> have not been reported (Hardy and Stevenson 2000). However, because pollen is not released to the outside of the staminal cuculli simply upon anthesis, it has been suggested that this species may be buzz-pollinated, with bees inducing pollen release by applying vibrations to the staminal cuculli (Vogel 1978; Endress 1994, p. 155). Buzz pollination has the advantages of preventing wasteful pollen loss and enabling the selection of pollinators capable of generating appropriate vibrations (Mesquita-Neto et al. 2018), and it occurs in at least 20,000 angiosperm species (Vallejo-Mar\u00edn and Russell 2024; Woodrow et al. 2024). In most such flowers, the anthers are poricidal (poricidal anthers), being elongate and releasing pollen gradually through apical pores rather than by dehiscing along their entire length (Vallejo-Mar\u00edn and Russell 2024; Woodrow et al. 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In contrast, C. odoratissimum<\/em> differs in that three stamens are fused to form a bivalve-like structure. The anthers are not poricidal but dehisce longitudinally along their entire length. In typical buzz-pollinated flowers, the yellow anthers themselves attract bees, whereas in C. odoratissimum<\/em> the anthers are enclosed within the staminal cuculli and are not visible externally. Instead, orange hairs resembling anthers are present at the base of the outer stamens (orange arrows in the black-and-white and upper right photographs), and these are thought to attract bees (Vogel 1978). As indicated by the specific epithet, the petals emit a fragrance, although its role in attraction is unknown. Nectar is not secreted. The upper left photograph shows a frontal view and the lower photograph an oblique view; because the staminal cuculli are curved to the left when viewed from the front, the orange hairs are visible at the back right of the flower. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In buzz pollination, bees reaching the anthers curl their bodies into a C-shape around them and, through the action of the indirect flight muscles in the thorax, generate vibrations of the thorax, legs, or head that cause pollen to be released from the anthers (Vallejo-Mar\u00edn and Russell 2024; Woodrow et al. 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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