3.4@ Light response

Yoshikatsu Sato

 

Protoplast regeneration

Protoplast regeneration in P. patens does not pass the callus stage as that in seed plants. The regeneration includes three sequential processes; the cell wall synthesis, the asymmetric protrusion and the cell division. Cell wall formation occurs in the dark. On the other hand, the subsequent two processes require light1).

 

1. Isolate protoplasts and suspend in PRM/T (see chapter 9).

2. Pour the suspended protoplasts onto a 9-cm Petri dish containing PRM/B medium overlaid with a cellophane.

3. Incubate at at 25˚C for 1-3 days under continuous polarized white light (15 Wm-2).@

 

 

Phototropism

Phototropic protonemal cell growth is mediated by phytochrome2) and occurs under unilateral red light. A fluorescent light (lamp: FL20SD; Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp., Tokyo) through a red plastic plate (Shinkolite A, #102; Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Tokyo)3) is used as a red light source.

 

Chloroplast movement

Chloroplast movement is induced by red light as well as blue light in protonemal cells cultured under red light (0.5 Wm-2), while the effective wavelength of chloroplast movement is limited to blue light region under white light (5 Wm-2) likely as other many plant species3). Chloroplasts move along both microtubules and actin filaments4). In the gametophyte cells, chloroplasts exhibit dark positioning that chloroplasts accumulate along cell walls, when the cells are placed in the dark for 1-2 days.@

@@@@@ A red acrylic plastic plate (Shinkolite A, #102; Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Tokyo) or a blue plastic film (Ryutate #63; RDS Corp., Tokyo) is used for red and blue light treatment. The colored light is polarized through a linear polarizer (HN22; Polaroid Corp. of Japan, Tokyo) for the analysis of chloroplast photo-movement.

@@@@@ Microbeam irradiation is performed with an special inverted microscope (TMD, Nikon, Tokyo) equipped with an epi-fluorescence unit. Monochromatic red light and blue light are obtained through the interference filters (ƒÉ0 = 658.8 nm,ƒÉ1/2 = 16.6 nm;ƒÉ0 = 451.0 nm,ƒÉ1/2 = 32.0 nm), respectively.

 

Side branch induction

Red light (0.5 Wm-2) grown protonemata without a branch are continuously irradiated by a stimulus white (?)light for 1-2 days5).

 

Reference

(1) Jenkins G.I., and Cove D.J. (1983) Planta 157, 39-45

(2) Mittmann F, Brücker G, Zeidler M, Repp A. et al. (2004) PNAS 101, 13939-13944

(3) Kadota A, Sato Y, Wada, M. (2000) Planta 210, 932-937

(4) Sato Y. Wada M. and Kadota A. (2001) J. Cell Sci. 114, 269-279

(5) Imaizumi T., Kadota A., Hasebe M., and Wada M. (2002) Plant Cell 14, 373-386