{"id":1673,"date":"2026-08-12T19:48:24","date_gmt":"2026-08-12T10:48:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/?p=1673"},"modified":"2026-08-30T10:43:17","modified_gmt":"2026-08-30T01:43:17","slug":"%e3%82%a4%e3%83%8c%e3%82%b5%e3%83%95%e3%83%a9%e3%83%b3%e7%a7%91-%e3%83%a6%e3%83%aa%e7%9b%ae-corchicaceae-liliales","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/?p=1673","title":{"rendered":"\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1 (\u30e6\u30ea\u76ee) Colchicaceae (Liliales)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
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\u30e6\u30ea\u76ee\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a39  Phylogeny of Liliales<\/strong>

\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a39\u306f\u3001Zuntini et al. (2024) \u306e calibrated_family_level_young_tree.xlsx \u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u3001Suppl. Tab. 3 \u306b\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f crown node age \u3092\u30e6\u30ea\u76ee\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6700\u521d\u306e\u5206\u5c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7528\u3044\u3066\u3001ChatGPT \u306b\u3088\u308a\u4f5c\u56f3\u3057\u305f\u3002

The phylogenetic tree was drawn using ChatGPT based on the file calibrated_family_level_young_tree.xlsx from Zuntini et al. (2024), with the crown node age shown in Suppl. Tab. 3 used as the age of the earliest divergence within Liliales.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u82b1\u5909\u7570\u00a0 Floral variation of Colchicum autumnale<\/em><\/strong>

Reproduced from Hans Simon Holtzbecker (1649\u20131659), Gottorfer Codex, Colchicum autumnale<\/em>. Public domain (https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Gc23_colchicum_autumnale.jpg)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u590f\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u8449\u306b\u5148\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u82b1\u3060\u3051\u3092\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u4f38\u3070\u3057\u3066\u54b2\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Colchicaceae, Colchicum autumnale<\/em> flowers in late summer by producing only its flowers above ground before the leaves emerge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_1: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_1. CC BY-NC.
Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_2: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_2. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

9\u6708\u521d\u65ec\u306b\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u30ed\u30fc\u30b6\u30f3\u30cc\u8fd1\u90ca\u306e\u5c71\u5730\u3092\u8a2a\u308c\u305f\u969b\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3 Colchicum autumnale<\/em> \u304c\u54b2\u3044\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When I visited the mountains near Lausanne, Switzerland, in early September, Colchicum autumnale<\/em> was in flower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_3: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_3. CC BY-NC.
Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_4: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_4. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7403\u830e\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u6398\u3063\u3066\u307f\u308b\u3068\u610f\u5916\u306b\u6df1\u304f\u300115 cm\u307b\u3069\u6398\u3063\u305f\u3068\u3053\u308d\u3067\u3001\u3088\u3046\u3084\u304f\u7403\u830e\u306e\u4e0a\u90e8\u304c\u898b\u3048\u305f (\u53f3\u5199\u771f\u77e2\u5370)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When I dug to observe the corm, it turned out to be surprisingly deep. Only after digging about 15 cm did the upper part of the corm finally become visible (arrow in the right photograph).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_5: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_5. CC BY-NC. Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_6: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_6. CC BY-NC. Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_7: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_7. CC BY-NC. Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_8: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_8. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u7403\u830e\u306e\u76ae\uff08\u767d\u8272\u77e2\u5370\uff09\u3092\u3080\u304f\u3068\u30016\u672c\u306e\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u30686\u679a\u306e\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3001\u9577\u3055\u7d0415cm\u306e\u82b1\u88ab\u7b52 (\u6a59\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3002\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7b52\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u3067\u904a\u96e2\u3057\u4f38\u3073\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b (\u8d64\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002\u4e00\u756a\u53f3\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7b52\u3092\u7e26\u306b\u534a\u5206\u306b\u5207\u3063\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u30016\u672c\u306e\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u3046\u30613\u672c\u3060\u3051\u304c\u6b8b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

When the tunic of the corm (white arrow) is removed, it becomes clear that the six stamens and six tepals are fused to form a perianth tube approximately 15 cm long (orange arrow). The stamens become free and extend from the distal end of the perianth tube (red arrow). The rightmost photograph shows the perianth tube cut longitudinally in half, with only three of the six stamens remaining.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_9: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_9. CC BY-NC. Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_10: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_10. CC BY-NC. Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_11: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_11. CC BY-NC. Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_12: Colchicum autumnale_<\/em>20110911_12. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u96cc\u3057\u3079\u306e\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7b52\u3068\u540c\u3058\u304f\u3089\u3044\u9577\u304f (\u9ed2\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3001\u5b50\u623f (\u7d2b\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u306f\u7403\u830e\u306e\u4e2d\u306b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e Angraecum sesquipedale<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u30011\u679a\u306e\u82b1\u5f01\u304c\u5909\u5f62\u3057\u3066\u9577\u3044\u8ddd\u3092\u3064\u304f\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7b52\u305d\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304c\u9577\u304f\u4f38\u3073\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u5168\u4f53\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3067\u898b\u308b\u3068\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u306f\u88ab\u5b50\u690d\u7269\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u6700\u5927\u7d1a\u3067\u3001\u300c\u88ab\u5b50\u690d\u7269\u306e\u30ad\u30ea\u30f3\u300d\u3068\u547c\u3073\u305f\u304f\u306a\u308b\u307b\u3069\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The style of the pistil is as long as the perianth tube (black arrow), and the ovary (purple arrow) is located within the corm. In the orchid Angraecum sesquipedale<\/em>, one petal is modified to form a long spur, whereas in Colchicum autumnale<\/em> the perianth tube itself is greatly elongated. In terms of total flower length, C. autumnale<\/em> is among the longest-flowered angiosperms, and it is tempting to call it the \u201cgiraffe of angiosperms.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3<\/strong>\u79d1\u5404\u5c5e\u306e\u5206\u5e03<\/strong> Distribution of the genera of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1 Colchicaceae \u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e15\u5c5e\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff1a\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e Baeometra<\/em> (1\u7a2e)\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e Burchardia<\/em> (6\u7a2e)\u3001\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e Camptorrhiza<\/em> (1\u7a2e)\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e Colchicum<\/em> (165\u7a2e)\u3001\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e Disporum<\/em> (30\u7a2e)\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e Gloriosa<\/em> (11\u7a2e)\u3001\u30d8\u30ad\u30b5\u30ad\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u5c5e Hexacyrtis<\/em> (1\u7a2e)\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Iphigenia<\/em> (14\u7a2e)\u3001\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Kuntheria<\/em> (1\u7a2e)\u3001\u30aa\u30eb\u30cb\u30bd\u30b0\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u30e0\u5c5e Ornithoglossum<\/em> (9\u7a2e)\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Sandersonia<\/em> (1\u7a2e)\u3001\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30cf\u30f3\u30e1\u30e9\u5c5e Schelhammera<\/em> (2\u7a2e)\u3001\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Tripladenia<\/em> (1\u7a2e)\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Uvularia<\/em> (5\u7a2e)\u3001\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e Wurmbea<\/em> (54\u7a2e) (POWO 2026)\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306f\u4e3b\u306b\u65e7\u4e16\u754c\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u3002\u65b0\u4e16\u754c\u3067\u306f\u5317\u7c73\u306b\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Uvularia<\/em> \u304c\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u306e\u307f\u3067\u3001\u5357\u7c73\u306b\u306f\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u5404\u5c5e\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u00a0 Distribution of the genera of Colchicaceae<\/strong>
POWO\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u56f3\u306f\u56fd\u5358\u4f4d\u3067\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u306e\u5206\u5e03\u57df\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5e83\u304f\u8868\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u7dd1\u8272\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306f\u5143\u6765\u306e\u81ea\u751f\u5730\u3001\u7d2b\u8272\u306e\u5834\u6240\u306f\u79fb\u5165\u5730\u3002Because the distribution maps in POWO show distributions by country, the mapped areas are broader than the actual distribution ranges. Green indicates native areas, and purple indicates introduced areas. Source: POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online<\/em>. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet; https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP). \u00a9 World Checklist of Vascular Plants, licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Distribution of the genera of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchicaceae is classified into the following 15 genera: Baeometra<\/em> (1 species), Burchardia<\/em> (6 species), Camptorrhiza<\/em> (1 species), Colchicum<\/em> (165 species), Disporum<\/em> (30 species), Gloriosa<\/em> (11 species), Hexacyrtis<\/em> (1 species), Iphigenia<\/em> (14 species), Kuntheria<\/em> (1 species), Ornithoglossum<\/em> (9 species), Sandersonia<\/em> (1 species), Schelhammera<\/em> (2 species), Tripladenia<\/em> (1 species), Uvularia<\/em> (5 species), and Wurmbea<\/em> (54 species) (POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchicaceae is distributed mainly in the Old World. In the New World, only Uvularia<\/em> occurs in North America, and the family is absent from South America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u5c5e\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u5206\u5c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001<\/strong>\u5206\u5e03<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306f\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u3067\u521d\u671f\u306b\u591a\u69d8\u5316\u3057\u3001\u53e4\u7b2c\u4e09\u7d00\u306b\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u3078\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u3066\u591a\u69d8\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3002\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30d9\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u9678\u6a4b\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3057\u3066\u5317\u7c73\u3078\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Uvularia<\/em> \u304c\u5206\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b(Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u5c5e\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u5206\u5c90\u5e74\u4ee3\u3001\u5206\u5e03. Phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and distributions of the genera of Colchicaceae<\/strong>

\u8449\u7dd1\u4f53\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0\u306e ndhF<\/em>, rbcL<\/em>, matK<\/em> \u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3001\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0\u306e matR<\/em> \u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6838 ITS \u306e\u5869\u57fa\u914d\u5217\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a39 (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014) \u3092\u7c21\u7565\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3002

Simplified from the phylogenetic tree of Chac\u00f3n and Renner (2014), which was based on sequences of the chloroplast genes ndhF<\/em>, rbcL<\/em>, and matK<\/em>, the mitochondrial gene matR<\/em>, and the nuclear ITS region.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Phylogenetic relationships, divergence times, and distributions of the genera of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchicaceae is inferred to have undergone early diversification in Australia, then expanded into Africa and Asia during the Paleogene, where it diversified further. It is also inferred to have subsequently spread to North America via the Bering Land Bridge, where Uvularia<\/em> differentiated (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u79d1\u5185\u5206\u985e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306f\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u3068\u5f62\u614b\u5f62\u8cea\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304d\u30016\u9023\u306b\u5206\u985e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u79d1\u5185\u5206\u985e Infrageneric classification of Colchicaceae<\/strong>

Chac\u00f3n and Renner (2014) \u306b\u3088\u308b\u3001\u8449\u7dd1\u4f53\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0\u306e ndhF<\/em>\u3001rbcL<\/em>\u3001matK<\/em> \u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3001\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0\u306e matR<\/em> \u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6838 ITS \u306e\u5869\u57fa\u914d\u5217\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a39\u3092\u7c21\u7565\u5316\u3057\u3001\u540c\u8ad6\u6587\u3067\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u305f\u9023\u3092\u8a18\u5165\u3057\u305f\u3002

Simplified from the phylogenetic tree of Chac\u00f3n and Renner (2014), which was based on sequences of the chloroplast genes ndhF<\/em>, rbcL<\/em>, and matK<\/em>, the mitochondrial gene matR<\/em>, and the nuclear ITS region. The tribes recognized in the same study are indicated.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Infrageneric classification of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchicaceae is classified into six tribes based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. <\/strong>\u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7684\u8fd1\u63a5\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306b\u7279\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u614b\u306f\u3001(1) \u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7684\u8fd1\u63a5\u6027\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073 (2) \u7403\u830e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f62\u614b\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30eb\u30d2\u30c1\u30f3\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u7279\u6709\u306e\u30b3\u30eb\u30c1\u30ab\u30e0\u578b\u30a2\u30eb\u30ab\u30ed\u30a4\u30c9\u3092\u7523\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b7\u30e5\u30a6\u9178\u30ab\u30eb\u30b7\u30a6\u30e0\u304c\u7d50\u6676\u7802 crystal sand \u3068\u3057\u3066\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3001\u672c\u79d1\u306b\u5171\u901a\u3059\u308b\u7279\u5fb4\u3067\u3042\u308b (Goldblatt 1995)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7684\u8fd1\u63a5\u6027\u3068\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u539f\u57fa\u304c\u767a\u751f\u5f8c\u671f\u307e\u3067\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b (Endress 1995; \u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5c5e\u304c\u8abf\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6027\u8cea\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u857e\u5185\u3067\u5404\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3059\u308b\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3092\u5305\u3080\u3001\u857e\u306e\u6642\u306b\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3092\u5305\u3080\u305f\u3081\u96cc\u305a\u3044\u304c\u9732\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u958b\u82b1\u6642\u306b\u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5f62\u614b\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e0b\u56f3\u5de6\u306e Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u3001\u857e\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3092\u56f2\u3093\u3067\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e0b\u56f3\u53f3\u4e0a\u4e0b\u306e Schelhammera multiflora<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u3001\u857e (\u767d\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u306e\u6642\u306b\u5404\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3092\u5305\u3080\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e2d\u592e\u306e\u96cc\u305a\u3044\u304c\u9732\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 \u5358\u5b50\u8449\u690d\u7269\u5168\u4f53\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30e6\u30ea\u79d1\u3084\u30c4\u30eb\u30dc\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306a\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u539f\u57fa\u304c\u767a\u751f\u521d\u671f\u304b\u3089\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u7fa4\u3068\u3001\u30d2\u30ac\u30f3\u30d0\u30ca\u79d1\u30cd\u30ae\u4e9c\u79d1\u3084\u30b7\u30e5\u30ed\u30bd\u30a6\u79d1\u306a\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u3001\u767a\u751f\u5f8c\u671f\u307e\u3067\u5206\u96e2\u3057\u306a\u3044\u7fa4\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b (Endress 1995)\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7684\u8fd1\u63a5\u6027\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong>
1. \u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u767a\u751f\u7684\u8fd1\u63a5\u6027 <\/strong>
Distinct morphological characters of Colchicaceae<\/strong>
1. Developmental proximity between perianth and stamen<\/strong>
Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_1: Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_20131227_1. CC BY-NC. <\/strong>Buxbaum, F. (1936). Die Entwicklungslinien der Lilioideae. I. Die Wurmbaeoideae. Bot. Arch. 38<\/em>, 213\u2013293. Schelhammera multiflora<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by sonjacia. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/613796793. CC BY-NC. Schelhammera multiflora<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Ronald Ferguson. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/120765668. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Distinct morphological characters of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. <\/strong>Developmental <\/strong>proximity between perianth and <\/strong>stamen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Characteristic morphological features of Colchicaceae are (1) the developmental association between the perianth and stamens, and (2) the corm. In addition to morphology, the production of characteristic colchicum-type alkaloids, such as colchicine, and the formation of calcium oxalate as crystal sand are also shared features of the family (Goldblatt 1995).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The developmental association between the perianth and stamens means that the primordia of the perianth and stamens remain undifferentiated until relatively late in development (Endress 1995; although not all genera have been examined). This condition gives rise to morphologies in which each tepal encloses the corresponding stamen in the bud, the gynoecium is exposed in the bud because the tepals enclose the stamens, or the bases of the perianth and stamens appear to be fused at anthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The developmental association between the perianth and stamens means that the primordia of the perianth and stamens remain undifferentiated until relatively late in development (Endress 1995; although not all genera have been examined). This condition gives rise to morphologies in which each tepal encloses the corresponding stamen in the bud, the gynoecium is exposed in the bud because the tepals enclose the stamens, or the bases of the perianth and stamens appear to be fused at anthesis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em> in the upper left figure, the tepals enclose the stamens within the bud. In Schelhammera multiflora<\/em> in the upper and lower right figures, each tepal encloses a stamen in the bud (white arrow), leaving the central gynoecium exposed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Across monocots as a whole, some groups, such as Liliaceae and Asphodelaceae, have perianth and stamen primordia that are separate from early development, whereas other groups, such as Amaryllidaceae subfamily Allioideae and Melanthiaceae, resemble Colchicaceae in that the two remain undifferentiated until late in development (Endress 1995). The developmental association between the perianth and stamens most likely evolved in the common ancestor of Colchicaceae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u7403\u830e\u3092\u4f5c\u308b (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3092\u9664\u304f)\uff1a\u8d77\u6e90<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3092\u9664\u304d\u3001\u7403\u830e corm \u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b (Goldblatt 1995, Nordenstam 1998)\u3002\u5916\u7fa4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e6\u30ea\u30ba\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u79d1\u3068\u30da\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30cb\u30a2\u79d1\u306f\u6839\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u7403\u830e\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3068\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u9023\u3067\u72ec\u7acb\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u7403\u830e\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u3001\u592a\u3044\u8089\u8cea\u6839\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u5c5e\u306e\u80a5\u539a\u3057\u305f\u7403\u830e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7403\u830e\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u72ec\u7acb\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u3044\u3046\u63a8\u5b9a\u3068\u5408\u81f4\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong>
2. \u7403\u830e\u3092\u4f5c\u308b (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3092\u9664\u304f )\uff1a\u8d77\u6e90<\/strong>
Distinctive morphological characters of Colchicaceae<\/strong>
2. Formation of corms, except Uvularieae and Tripladenieae: Origin<\/strong>
Colchicum autumnale<\/em>: a chromolithograph by Portail after Auguste Faguet. https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Colchicum_autumnale00.jpg. Public domain.
<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Distinctive morphological characters of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2 F<\/strong>ormation of corms, except Uvularieae<\/strong> and Tripladenieae: Origin<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Colchicaceae, corms are formed except in Uvularieae and Tripladenieae (Goldblatt 1995, Nordenstam 1998). Because the outgroups Alstroemeriaceae and Petermanniaceae form rhizomes, corms most likely evolved independently in the common ancestor of Colchiceae, Anguillarieae, and Iphigenieae, and in Burchardieae. The corm of Burchardia<\/em> is small and differs from the thickened corms of the other genera in producing thick, fleshy roots. This difference is consistent with the inference that corms evolved independently in these lineages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. <\/strong>\u7403\u830e\u3092\u4f5c\u308b<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3092\u9664\u304f<\/strong> ): <\/strong>\u7403\u830e\u3068\u584a\u830e\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u830e\u304c\u80a5\u5927\u3057\u3066\u8caf\u8535\u5668\u5b98\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5668\u5b98\u306f\u584a\u830etuber\u3068\u7403\u830ecorm\u306b\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002Tillich (1998)\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u3092\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7403\u830e<\/strong> corm:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u7403\u830e\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u80a5\u5927\u3057\u305f\u7bc0\u9593\u3060\u3051\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u5782\u76f4\u6027\u306e\u5730\u4e0b\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u3067\u3001\u9802\u751f\u82b1\u5e8f\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002\u958b\u82b1\u5f8c\u3001\u7403\u830e\u306f\u3057\u306a\u3073\u3066\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u3001\u814b\u751f\u4f4d\u7f6e\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b1\u500b\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5c11\u6570\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7403\u830e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u30af\u30ed\u30b3\u30b9\u30df\u30a2\u5c5e Crocosmia<\/em> <\/em>\u306f\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u30ca\u30fc\u3001\u584a\u830e\u3001\u7403\u830e\u306e\u533a\u5225\u304c\u3044\u304b\u306b\u66d6\u6627\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3092\u793a\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7403\u830e\u304c\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u30e9\u30f3\u30ca\u30fc\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306b\u3064\u304f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u201dA typical corm is a vertical subterranean shoot of only a few swollen internodes, which bears a terminal inflorescence. After flowering, the corm shrivels and decays and is replaced by 1 or a few new corms that develop in an axillary position (cited from Tillich 1998)\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u584a\u830e<\/strong> tuber:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u584a\u830e\u306f\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u6027\u30e9\u30f3\u30ca\u30fc\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308c\u3070 (\u30e9\u30f3\u30ca\u30fc\u584a\u830e)\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u4e0a\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5178\u578b\u7684\u306a\u5834\u5408\u3001\u584a\u830e\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u80a5\u5927\u3057\u306a\u3044\u8ef8\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u80a5\u5927\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3001\u6570\u30b7\u30fc\u30ba\u30f3\u306b\u308f\u305f\u3063\u3066\u751f\u5b58\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7740\u751f\u30e9\u30f3\u306e\u3044\u308f\u3086\u308b\u507d\u9c57\u830e pseudobulb \u306f\u3001\u901a\u5e38\u306e\u584a\u830e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u201dTubers may develop at the end of subterranean runners (runner tubers) or on aerial shoots. In typical cases a tuber is a swollen part of an otherwise unthickened axis, and may survive for several seasons. The so-called pseudobulbs of epiphytic orchids are ordinary tubers (cited from Tillich 1998)\u201d \u3053\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u3001\u767a\u751f\u69d8\u5f0f\u306b\u6ce8\u76ee\u3057\u3066\u8a00\u3044\u63db\u3048\u308b\u3068\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5f53\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u3068\u7fcc\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u80a5\u5927\u3059\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u5f53\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u304b\u7fcc\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u304b\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53e4\u3044\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u67af\u6b7b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u91cd\u70b9\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u3068\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6574\u7406\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002\u584a\u830e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u3082\u6b21\u306e2\u578b\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002

(1) \u5f53\u5e74\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u830e\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u80a5\u5927\u3057\u3001\u7fcc\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3082\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u304b\u3089\u7fcc\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3002\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u690d\u7269\u306e\u8caf\u8535\u830e\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001\u9c57\u830ebulb\u306f\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u830e\u306b\u80a5\u5927\u3057\u305f\u8449\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8449\u9798\u304c\u4ed8\u3044\u305f\u5668\u5b98\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u690d\u7269\u306e\u8caf\u8535\u830e\u306f\u507d\u9c57\u830e pseudobulb \u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u80a5\u5927\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306f\u830e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8449\u3084\u8449\u9798\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f62\u614b\u5b66\u7684\u306b\u306f\u9c57\u830e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u584a\u830e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002

(2) \u5f53\u5e74\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u830e\u304c\u80a5\u5927\u3057\u3001\u7fcc\u5e74\u307e\u3067\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u304b\u3089\u7fcc\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3002\u4f8b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u30b8\u30e3\u30ac\u30a4\u30e2\u304c\u6319\u3052\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002

\u3053\u308c\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u7403\u830e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u767a\u751f\u69d8\u5f0f\u306f (1) \u3068\u540c\u3058\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u80a5\u5927\u3057\u305f\u5f53\u5e74\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u304c\u958b\u82b1\u5f8c\u306b\u3057\u306a\u3073\u3066\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u3001\u5f53\u5e74\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u304b\u3089\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7fcc\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u7531\u6765\u306e\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7403\u830e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7f6e\u304d\u63db\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong>
2. \u7403\u830e\u3092\u4f5c\u308b (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3092\u9664\u304f ): \u7403\u830e\u3068\u584a\u830e\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/strong>
Distinctive morphological characters of Colchicaceae<\/strong>
2. Formation of corms, except Uvularieae and Tripladenieae: Differences between corms and tubers<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Distinctive morphological characters of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. <\/strong>F<\/strong>ormation of corms, except Uvularieae<\/strong> and <\/strong>Tripladenieae<\/strong> : <\/strong>Differences between corms and tubers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

When a stem becomes swollen and serves as a storage organ, it is distinguished as either a tuber or a corm. Tillich (1998) defined these organs as follows.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

corm:<\/strong> <\/strong>\u201cA typical corm is a vertical subterranean shoot of only a few swollen internodes, which bears a terminal inflorescence. After flowering, the corm shrivels and decays and is replaced by 1 or a few new corms that develop in an axillary position.\u201d (cited from Tillich 1998)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

tuber:<\/strong> <\/strong>\u201cTubers may develop at the end of subterranean runners (runner tubers) or on aerial shoots. In typical cases a tuber is a swollen part of an otherwise unthickened axis, and may survive for several seasons. The so-called pseudobulbs of epiphytic orchids are ordinary tubers.\u201d (cited from Tillich 1998)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Restating these definitions with emphasis on developmental pattern\u2014that is, on the relationship between the current-year shoot and the following year\u2019s shoot, whether the swollen portion belongs to the current-year shoot or the following year\u2019s shoot, and whether the old shoot dies\u2014these organs can be summarized as follows. Tubers include at least two types.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(1) In the first type, part of the stem of the current-year shoot becomes swollen, persists into subsequent years, and the following year\u2019s shoot develops from its axillary bud. Storage stems of orchids are examples of this type. A bulb is an organ consisting of a short stem bearing swollen leaves or leaf sheaths. Although the storage stems of orchids are sometimes called pseudobulbs, they are morphologically tubers rather than bulbs, because the swollen part is the stem, not the leaves or leaf sheaths.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

(2) In the second type, the stem of a shoot derived from an axillary bud of the current-year shoot becomes swollen, persists until the following year, and the following year\u2019s shoot develops from its axillary bud. Potato tubers are examples of this type.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In contrast, in corms, the developmental pattern is similar to type (1), but the swollen current-year shoot shrivels and decays after flowering, and is replaced by a new corm derived from the following year\u2019s shoot, which develops from an axillary bud of the current-year shoot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. <\/strong>\u7403\u830e\u3092\u4f5c\u308b<\/strong>: <\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u3068\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u306e\u7403\u830e\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7403\u830e\u3084\u9c57\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5358\u5b50\u8449\u690d\u7269\u306e\u591a\u304f\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u6700\u521d\u306e2\u8449\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u7b2c\u4e00\u8449\u3068\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u304c\u3001\u7fcc\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u82bd\u3068\u306a\u308b(Nordenstam 1998)\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u306f\u66f4\u65b0\u82bd innovation bud\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u7fcc\u5e74\u306b\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u306f\u4e88\u5099\u82bd reserve bud\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u82bd\u304c\u67af\u6b7b\u3057\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u74b0\u5883\u6761\u4ef6\u3084\u7a2e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u82bd\u3068\u4e88\u5099\u82bd\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f53\u5e74\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u81ea\u4f53\u3082\u814b\u82bd\u7531\u6765\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u8449\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8449\u306f\u524d\u8449\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u524d\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u304c\u7fcc\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u524d\u8449\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u306e\u5206\u679d\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u95a2\u4fc2\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u690d\u7269\u3067\u3001\u524d\u8449\u304c\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u306b\u51fa\u308b\u8449\u3068\u6027\u8cea\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306e\u53cd\u6620\u304b\u3082\u3057\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u7403\u830e\u306f\u3001\u830e\u304c\u80a5\u5927\u3057\u305f\u8caf\u8535\u5668\u5b98\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u5e74\u830e\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u80a5\u5927\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7403\u830e\u3092\u6398\u308a\u4e0a\u3052\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u8449\u306e\u8449\u9798\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u5916\u76ae\u3068\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8449\u306e\u8449\u9798\u306b\u7531\u6765\u3059\u308b\u5185\u76ae\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u524d\u8005\u3088\u308a\u3084\u3084\u8272\u304c\u8584\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u590f\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3053\u308c\u30892\u5c64\u306e\u76ae\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u9664\u304f\u3068\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u66f4\u65b0\u82bd\u3068\u3001\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4e88\u5099\u82bd\u3092\u8a8d\u8b58\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5f53\u5e74\u830e\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u304c2\u3064\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u68d2\u72b6\u306b\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3002\u814b\u82bd\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u68d2\u72b6\u90e8\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3002\u68d2\u72b6\u90e8\u306f\u3001\u814b\u82bd\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u76f8\u5f53\u3059\u308b\u5f53\u5e74\u830e\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3057\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8868\u9762\u306b\u306f\u8449\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305a\u3001\u814b\u82bd\u3092\u3082\u3064\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u4ee5\u5916\u306f\u6ed1\u3089\u304b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7fcc\u6625\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u3067\u3042\u308b\u66f4\u65b0\u82bd\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3057\u3066\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u306f\u7b2c\u4e00\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u3068\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u3060\u3051\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4e8c\u53c9\u72b6\u306e\u7403\u830e\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u5199\u771f\u306b\u793a\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u8449\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7b2c\u4e8c\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u306b\u52a0\u3048\u3066\u3001\u7b2c\u4e09\u8449\u306e\u814b\u82bd\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u3082\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong>
2. \u7403\u830e\u3092\u4f5c\u308b: \u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u3068\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u306e\u7403\u830e\u306e\u6bd4\u8f03<\/strong>
Distinctive morphological characters of Colchicaceae<\/strong>
2. Formation of corms, except Uvularieae and Tripladenieae: Comparison of corms in Colchicum<\/em> and Gloriosa<\/em><\/strong>
Buxbaum, F. (1958). Der Morphologische typus und die systematische stellung der gattung Calochortus. Beitr. Biol. Pflanzen 34<\/em>, 405\u2013452. \u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3 Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_13: Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_20120909_13. CC BY-NC. \u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3 Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_14: Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_20120909_13. CC BY-NC. <\/em><\/strong>\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5Gloriosa superba<\/em>_1: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260403_1. <\/em>CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Distinctive morphological characters of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Formation of corms, except Uvularieae and Tripladenieae:Comparison of corms in Colchicum<\/em> and Gloriosa<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In many monocots that form corms or bulbs, the axillary buds of the first two leaves of the current-year shoot, namely the first and second leaves, become the buds that form the following year\u2019s shoot (Nordenstam 1998). The axillary bud of the first leaf becomes the innovation bud and elongates in the following year. The axillary bud of the second leaf becomes the reserve bud and elongates if the innovation bud dies. However, depending on environmental conditions and species, both the innovation bud and the reserve bud may elongate. Because the current-year shoot itself is also derived from an axillary bud, the first and second leaves correspond to prophylls. In other words, the axillary buds of the prophylls form the following year\u2019s shoots, whereas the axillary buds of leaves other than prophylls form aerial branches. This may reflect the fact that, in many plants, prophylls differ in character from the leaves that are formed subsequently.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A corm is a storage organ formed by swelling of the stem. In Colchicum<\/em>, the base of the current-year stem becomes swollen. When the corm is excavated, an outer tunic derived from the leaf sheath of the first leaf and an inner tunic derived from the leaf sheath of the second leaf can be recognized. The latter is often slightly paler than the former. When these two layers of tunics are removed in late summer, the innovation bud, which is the axillary bud of the first leaf, and the reserve bud, which is the axillary bud of the second leaf, can be recognized. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Gloriosa<\/em>, the base of the current-year stem elongates into rod-like structures at the bases of two axillary buds. The axillary buds are located at the tips of these rod-like portions. Because the rod-like portions are formed by elongation of the current-year stem corresponding to the bases of the axillary buds, no leaves are formed on their surface, and the surface is smooth except at the apical region bearing the axillary bud. In the following spring, the innovation bud, which is the axillary bud of the first leaf, elongates and forms a shoot. Usually, only the bases of the axillary buds of the first and second leaves elongate, resulting in a bifurcate corm. However, as shown in the photograph, in some individuals, the base of the axillary bud of the third leaf also elongates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u5c5e\u3078\u306e\u691c\u7d22\u8868<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. \u5730\u4e0b\u5668\u5b98\u306f\u6839\u830e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 2
1. \u5730\u4e0b\u5668\u5b98\u306f\u7403\u830e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. \u82b1\u306f\u91e3\u9418\u578b\u3067\u4e0b\u5782\u3057\u3001\u4e0b\u5411\u304d\u306b\u958b\u304f\u3002 \u2026\u2026 3
2. \u82b1\u306f\u91e3\u9418\u578b\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u4e0b\u5782\u305b\u305a\u4e0a\u5411\u304d\u306b\u958b\u304f\u3002 \u2026\u2026 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u6db2\u679c\u3067\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50\u306b\u7a2e\u8863\u306f\u767a\u9054\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u846f\u9694\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306f\u846f\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u3068\u307b\u307c\u540c\u9577\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Disporum<\/em>
3. \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u84b4\u679c\u3067\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50\u306b\u7a2e\u8863\u304c\u767a\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3002\u846f\u9694\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306f\u846f\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u3088\u308a\u7a81\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Uvularia<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. \u8449\u67c4\u306f\u6570\u30df\u30ea\u3002\u4e8c\u6b21\u8108\u306e\u7db2\u76ee\u306f\u9577\u3055\u3068\u5e45\u304c\u540c\u3058\u304b\u3001\u5e45\u306e\u65b9\u304c\u9577\u3044\u3002\u2026\u2026 Kuntheria
<\/em>4. \u8449\u306f\u7121\u67c4\u3002\u4e8c\u6b21\u8108\u306e\u7db2\u76ee\u306f\u9577\u3055\u304c\u5e45\u3088\u308a\u9577\u3044\u3002\u2026\u2026 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. \u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u817a\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Tripladenia<\/em>
5. \u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u817a\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Schelhammera<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. \u3042\u307e\u308a\u80a5\u539a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u7403\u830e\u304b\u3089\u8907\u6570\u306e\u8089\u8cea\u6839\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u2026\u2026 Burchardia
<\/em>6. \u80a5\u539a\u3057\u305f\u7403\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. \u8449\u304c\u5730\u4e2d\u306e\u77ed\u3044\u830e\u304b\u3089\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u4f38\u3073\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u830e\u304c\u306a\u304f\u3001\u8449\u306e\u307f\u304c\u675f\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Colchicum<\/em>
7. \u5730\u4e0a\u90e8\u306b\u830e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. \u82b1\u306f\u4e0b\u5411\u304d\u306b\u958b\u304f\u3002\u2026\u2026 9
8. \u82b1\u306f\u4e0a\u5411\u304d\u306b\u958b\u304f\u3002\u2026\u2026 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. \u8449\u5148\u306f\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 10
9. \u8449\u5148\u306f\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052\u3068\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002 \u2026\u2026 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. \u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u5f37\u304f\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Gloriosa
10. \u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3001\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Sandersonia<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. \u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306b\u8ddd\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Hexacyrtis<\/em>
11. \u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306b\u8ddd\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Ornithoglossum<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. \u5fc3\u76ae\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u304a\u3088\u3073\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3002\u2026\u2026 13 (Iphigenieae)
12. \u5fc3\u76ae\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u304a\u3088\u3073\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u4f38\u9577\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u2026\u2026 14 (Anguillarieae)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. \u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5148\u7aef\u3067\u4e09\u5206\u679d\u3059\u308b\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Iphigenia<\/em>
13. \u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5358\u4e00\u3067\u5206\u679d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002 \u2026\u2026 Camptorrhiza<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. \u82b1\u67c4\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u2026\u2026 Baeometra<\/em>
14. \u82b1\u67c4\u306f\u9000\u7e2e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u2026\u2026 Wurmbea<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Key to the genera of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. Underground organ a rhizome. \u2026\u2026 2
1. Underground organ a corm. \u2026\u2026 6<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Flowers campanulate, pendent, and opening downward. \u2026\u2026 3
2. Flowers not campanulate, not pendent, and opening upward. \u2026\u2026 4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Fruit a berry; seeds without a developed aril. The apex of the connective is approximately level with the apex of the anther. \u2026\u2026 Disporum<\/em>
3. Fruit a capsule; seeds with a developed aril. The apex of the connective projects beyond the apex of the anther. \u2026\u2026 Uvularia<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Petiole several millimetres long; areoles of the secondary vein reticulum as long as wide or wider than long. \u2026\u2026 Kuntheria<\/em>
4. Leaves sessile; areoles of the secondary vein reticulum longer than wide. \u2026\u2026 5<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Glands present at the base of the tepals. \u2026\u2026 Tripladenia<\/em>
5. Glands absent from the base of the tepals. \u2026\u2026 Schelhammera<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. Several fleshy roots produced from a weakly thickened corm. \u2026\u2026 Burchardia<\/em>
6. Corm thickened. \u2026\u2026 7<\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. Leaves arise above ground from a short subterranean stem; aerial stem absent, only leaves fascicled. \u2026\u2026 Colchicum<\/em>
7. Aerial stem present. \u2026\u2026 8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8. Flowers opening downward. \u2026\u2026 9
8. Flowers opening upward. \u2026\u2026 12<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. Leaf apices modified into tendrils. \u2026\u2026 10
9. Leaf apices not modified into tendrils. \u2026\u2026 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Tepals free and strongly reflexed. \u2026\u2026 Gloriosa<\/em>
10. Tepals connate and not reflexed. \u2026\u2026 Sandersonia<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Tepals spurred. \u2026\u2026 Hexacyrtis<\/em>
11. Tepals not spurred. \u2026\u2026 Ornithoglossum<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. Carpel apices and style connate. \u2026\u2026 13 (Iphigenieae<\/em>)
12. Carpel apices and style not connate. \u2026\u2026 14 (Anguillarieae<\/em>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Style three-branched at the apex. \u2026\u2026 Iphigenia<\/em>
13. Style simple, unbranched. \u2026\u2026 Camptorrhiza<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. Bracts and pedicels present. \u2026\u2026 Baeometra<\/em>
14. Bracts and pedicels reduced. \u2026\u2026 Wurmbea<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u5c5e\u306e\u9032\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u5f62\u614b\u5f62\u8cea<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8449\u7dd1\u4f53\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0\u306e ndhF<\/em>, rbcL<\/em>, matK<\/em> \u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3001\u30df\u30c8\u30b3\u30f3\u30c9\u30ea\u30a2\u30b2\u30ce\u30e0\u306e matR<\/em> \u907a\u4f1d\u5b50\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6838ITS\u9818\u57df\u306e\u5869\u57fa\u914d\u5217\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a39 (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014) \u306b\u3001\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u5f62\u614b\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u6700\u5927\u7bc0\u7d04\u7684\u306b\u914d\u7f6e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u306e\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u7cfb\u7d71\u3067\u72ec\u7acb\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u5c5e\u306e\u9032\u5316\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u6d3e\u751f\u7684\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u5f62\u614b\u5f62\u8cea<\/strong>
Morphological characters acquired during the evolution of the genera of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Morphological characters <\/strong>acquired<\/strong> during the evolution of the genera of Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphological characters inferred to have evolved derivatively were placed parsimoniously on the phylogenetic tree based on nucleotide sequences of the chloroplast genes ndhF<\/em>, rbcL<\/em>, and matK<\/em>, the mitochondrial gene matR<\/em>, and the nuclear ITS region (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014). Some characters are inferred to have evolved independently in multiple lineages.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u9023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u9023 Burchardieae \u306f\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e Burchardia<\/em> 1\u5c5e\u306e\u307f\u3092\u542b\u307f\u3001\u897f\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b5\u7a2e\u3001\u6771\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b1\u7a2e\u304c\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>
Burchardieae<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Burchardieae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burchardieae consists of a single genus, Burchardia<\/em>, with five species distributed in Western Australia and one species in eastern Australia (POWO  2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e<\/strong> – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong>\uff08Buxbaum 1936, Macfarlane 1987, Nordenstam 1998)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8<\/strong>\uff1a\u77ed\u304f\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u80a5\u539a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u7403\u830e\u304b\u3089\u591a\u8089\u8cea\u306e\u6839\u3092\u6570\u672c\u51fa\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u830e\u8449<\/strong>\uff1a\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u5358\u4e00\u3067\u76f4\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u4f38\u9577\u305b\u305a\u3001\u8449\u306f\u53e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\uff12\u3064\u6298\u308a\u72b6\u3067\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306f\u9798\u72b6\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82b1\u5e8f\u3001\u82b1<\/strong>\uff1a\u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u7dcf\u82de\u306e\u3042\u308b\u6563\u5f62\u82b1\u5e8f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u82b1\u306f\u5358\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u767d\u8272\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6843\u8272\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5916\u5411\u3002\u5b50\u623f\u306f\u7d21\u9318\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u5fc3\u76ae\u306f\u5b50\u623f\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u3067\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u3082\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u679c\u5b9f\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50<\/strong>\uff1a\u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u9577\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u80de\u9593\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u89d2\u5f35\u308b\u3002 \u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e\u306f\u3001(1) \u77ed\u304f\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u80a5\u539a\u3057\u306a\u3044\u7403\u830e\u304b\u3089\u591a\u8089\u8cea\u306e\u6839\u3092\u6570\u672c\u51fa\u3059 (Macfarlane 1987, Bear and Delpratt 2007)\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u672c\u5c5e\u306e\u5171\u6709\u6d3e\u751f\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5916\u7fa4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e6\u30ea\u30ba\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u79d1\u3084\u30da\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30cb\u30a2\u79d1\u306f\u3001\u5e45\u5e83\u306e\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u672c\u5c5e\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u306f\u3001(2) \u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u4f38\u9577\u3055\u305b\u305a\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5730\u8868\u8fd1\u304f\u304b\u3089\u4e8c\u3064\u6298\u308a\u72b6\u306e\u7d30\u3044\u8449\u3092\u53e2\u751f\u3055\u305b\u308b\u5f62\u614b\u3078\u306e\u9032\u5316\u304c\u8d77\u304d\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u3082\u305f\u305a\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5730\u8868\u8fd1\u304f\u304b\u3089\u4e8c\u3064\u6298\u308a\u72b6\u306e\u7d30\u3044\u8449\u3092\u51fa\u3059\u5f62\u614b\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u3082\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e – 1<\/strong>
Burchardia <\/em>– 1<\/strong>
Burchardia congesta<\/em>_1: Burchardia congesta<\/em> 20130929_1. CC BY-NC. <\/strong>Burchardia congesta<\/em>_2: Burchardia congesta <\/em>20130929_2. CC BY-NC. <\/strong>Burchardia umbellata<\/em>_1: Reproduced from Bear, J., and Delpratt, J. (2007). Storing tubers of Milkmaids (Burchardia umbellata<\/em>). Australasian Plant Conservation 15<\/em>, 26\u201327. CC BY-NC-SA. Burchardia umbellata<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Ray Turnbull. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/600492699. CC BY-NC. Burchardia umbellata<\/em>_3: Reproduced from Macfarlane (1987) Burchardia<\/em>. Flora of Australia 45<\/em>, 405\u2013410. CC BY 4.0. Burchardia umbellata<\/em>_4: <\/em>Reproduced from Wawra von Fernsee, H. (1888). Itinera principum S. Coburgi<\/em>, Zweiter Theil: tab. 6, fig. A, as Burchardia umbellata<\/em>. Public domain.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Burchardia <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology<\/strong> (Buxbaum 1936, Macfarlane 1987, Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> Several fleshy roots arise from a short, only weakly thickened corm.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> The aerial stem is single and erect. The portion of the aerial stem bearing vegetative leaves does not elongate, and the leaves are tufted. The leaves are conduplicate, with sheathing bases.
Inflorescence and flowers:<\/strong> The inflorescence is an umbel with an involucre, or the flower is solitary. The tepals are free, white or pink. The anthers are extrorse. The ovary is fusiform; the carpels are free at the distal part of the ovary, and the styles are also free.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is elliptic to oblong and dehisces septicidally. The seeds are angular.Burchardia<\/em> has the shared derived character of (1) producing several fleshy roots from a short, only weakly thickened corm (Macfarlane 1987, Bear and Delpratt 2007). In addition, because the outgroups Alstroemeriaceae and Petermanniaceae have aerial stems bearing broad leaves, the common ancestor of Burchardia<\/em> is inferred to have evolved (2) a morphology in which the aerial stem does not elongate and narrow conduplicate leaves are produced in tufts from the underground part or near ground level. A similar morphology, lacking an aerial stem and producing narrow conduplicate leaves from the underground part or near ground level, is also inferred to have evolved in the common ancestor of Colchiceae, Anguillarieae, and Iphigenieae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e<\/strong> – <\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Burchardia umbellata<\/em> \u306e\u307f\u304c\u6771\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u306e5\u7a2e\u306f\u897f\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u3002Burchardia<\/em> \u306b\u306f\u3001\u846f\u304c\u7d2b\u8272\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9ec4\u8272\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u7d2b\u8272\u307e\u305f\u306f\u767d\u8272\u306e\u7a2e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u306f\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u306e\u9055\u3044\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e – 2<\/strong>
Burchardia – <\/em>2<\/strong>
Burchardia multiflora<\/em>_1: Burchardia multiflora <\/em>20140924_1. CC BY-NC. Burchardia umbellata<\/em>_5: Cropped from a photo by Geoffrey Cox. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/103860620. CC BY-NC. Burchardia congesta<\/em>-3: Burchardia congesta <\/em>20130929_3. CC BY-NC. Burchardia monantha<\/em>-1: Cropped a photo by QuestaGame. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/26244148. CC BY-NV-ND. Burchardia rosea<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by overlander (Gerald Krygsman). https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/553993490. CC BY-NC. Burchardia bairdiae<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Eddy Wajon. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/356734569. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Burchardia <\/em><\/strong>\u2013 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Only Burchardia umbellata<\/em> is distributed in eastern Australia, whereas the other five species occur in Western Australia. In Burchardia<\/em>, species vary in anther colour, which may be purple or yellow, and in tepal colour, which may be purple or white. This diversity may be related to differences in pollinating insects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong> <\/strong>\u2013 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023 Uvularieae \u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e Disporum<\/em> \u3068\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Uvularia<\/em> \u306e2\u5c5e\u3092\u542b\u307f\u3001\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u306f\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u306b\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u306f\u5317\u7c73\u306b\u9694\u96e2\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u3068\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u3001\u53e4\u7b2c\u4e09\u7d00\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u9803\u306b\u30d9\u30fc\u30ea\u30f3\u30b0\u9678\u6a4b\u3092\u7d4c\u7531\u3057\u3066\u5317\u7c73\u3078\u5e83\u304c\u308a\u3001\u305d\u3053\u3067\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u304c\u5206\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u306e\u9694\u96e2\u5206\u5e03\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023 – 1<\/strong>
Uvularieae – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularieae<\/strong> – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uvularieae comprises two genera, Disporum<\/em> and Uvularia<\/em>. Disporum<\/em> is distributed in Asia, whereas Uvularia<\/em> is disjunctly distributed in North America (POWO 2026). The present disjunct distribution is inferred to have formed when part of the common ancestor of Disporum<\/em> and Uvularia<\/em>, which was distributed in Asia, spread to North America via the Bering Land Bridge near the end of the Paleogene, where Uvularia<\/em> differentiated (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong> – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306f\u3001(1) \u91e3\u9418\u578b\u3067\u4e0b\u5411\u304d\u306b\u958b\u304f\u82b1\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5171\u6709\u6d3e\u751f\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u3053\u306e\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Sandersonia<\/em> \u3067\u3082\u72ec\u7acb\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306f\u3001\u5916\u7fa4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e6\u30ea\u30ba\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u79d1\u3084\u30da\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30cb\u30a2\u79d1\u3068\u5171\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001(2) \u6839\u830e rhizome \u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073 (3) \u5e45\u5e83\u306e\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7956\u5148\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u3082\u5171\u901a\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Uvularia<\/em> \u304a\u3088\u3073\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7a2e\u306f\u3001\u80da\u73e0\u672c\u4f53\u3068\u73e0\u67c4\u304c\u7652\u5408\u3057\u3066\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7b4b\u72b6\u306e\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u7e2b\u7dda raphe \u306e\u7d44\u7e54\u304c\u8089\u8cea\u5316\u3057\u305f\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb strophiole \u3092\u3082\u3061\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u6563\u5e03\u306b\u7528\u3044\u3089\u308c\u308b (Nordenstam 1998, Clifford and Conran 1987)\u3002\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u4ee5\u5916\u3067\u306f\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u306f\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e\u3068\u306e\u5206\u5c90\u5f8c\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u6b8b\u308a\u306e\u5c5e\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u304c\u5206\u5c90\u3059\u308b\u524d\u306b\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023 – 2<\/strong>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong>
Uvularieae – 2<\/strong>
Morphological characteristics of Uvularieae<\/strong>
\u30db\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30af\u30bd\u30a6 Disporum sessile<\/em>_1: Disporum sessile_<\/em>20170514_1. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularieae – <\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphological <\/strong>c<\/strong>haracteristics of Uvularieae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uvularieae has the shared derived character of (1) producing campanulate, nodding flowers. This character is also inferred to have evolved independently in Sandersonia<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In addition, Uvularieae retains ancestral characters shared with the outgroups Alstroemeriaceae and Petermanniaceae: (2) the formation of rhizomes and (3) the presence of aerial stems bearing broad leaves. These characters are also shared with Tripladenieae, but are not found in the other genera of Colchicaceae. Furthermore, Uvularia<\/em> in Uvularieae and many species of Tripladenieae have a strophiole, which is formed by the fleshy development of tissue in the raphe, the ridge formed by fusion of the ovule body and the funicle, and is used for animal dispersal (Nordenstam 1998, Clifford and Conran 1987). Because strophioles are not formed outside Uvularieae and Tripladenieae, the strophiole is considered to have evolved in the common ancestor of the remaining Colchicaceae after divergence from Burchardia<\/em>, and subsequently to have been lost before the divergence of Iphigenieae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong> – 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u7279\u5fb4: (1)\u91e3\u9418\u578b\u3067\u4e0b\u5782\u3059\u308b\u82b1\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u958b\u82b1\u671f\u3067\u3082\u82b1\u5e8f\u8ef8\u304c\u67d4\u3089\u304b\u304f\u3001\u82b1\u306f\u4e0b\u5411\u304d\u306b\u958b\u304f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u82b1\u5e8f\u8ef8\u304c\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u306b\u91cd\u529b\u65b9\u5411\u3078\u66f2\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u4e0b\u5782\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u82b1\u306e\u91cd\u307f\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u53d7\u52d5\u7684\u306b\u4e0b\u5782\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u306f\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023 – 3<\/strong>
(1)\u91e3\u9418\u578b\u3067\u4e0b\u5782\u3059\u308b\u82b1 <\/strong>
Uvularieae – 3<\/strong>
(1) campanulate, pendent flowers<\/strong>
Disporum longistylum<\/em>_1: Disporum longistylum_<\/em>20240512_1. CC BY-NC. \u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea Disporum smilacinum<\/em>_1: Disporum smilacinum_<\/em>20130506_1. CC BY-NC. \u30ad\u30d0\u30ca\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea Disporum lutescens<\/em>_1: Disporum lutescens<\/em>_20170514_1. CC BY-NC. Uvularia perfoliata<\/em>_1: Uvularia grandiflora<\/em>_20130505_1. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularieae – <\/strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphological characteristics of Uvularieae: (1) <\/strong>campanulate, pendent flowers<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In species of Uvularieae, the inflorescence axis remains soft even during flowering, and the flowers open facing downward. However, it is not known whether the inflorescence axis droops because it bends autonomously in the direction of gravity, or whether it hangs passively under the weight of the flower.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong> – 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u7279\u5fb4: (2) <\/strong>\u7403\u830e<\/strong>\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f<\/strong>\u3001<\/strong>\u77ed\u3044\u6839\u830e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u79cb\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5f53\u5e74\u306e\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8 (\u767d\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u304c\u67af\u308c\u308b\u9803\u307e\u3067\u306b\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u6839\u830e\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306b\u7fcc\u5e74\u306e\u82bd (\u9ec4\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u7fcc\u6625\u3001\u3053\u306e\u82bd\u304b\u3089\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8 (\u9ec4\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3057\u3066\u958b\u82b1\u3059\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u9803\u306b\u306f\u3001\u524d\u5e74\u306e\u6839\u830e\u306f\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b (\u767d\u8272\u70b9\u7dda\u77e2\u5370)\u3002\u592a\u3044\u8089\u8cea\u6839\u306f\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u6839\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023 – 4<\/strong>
(2) \u7403\u830e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u6839\u830e<\/strong>
Uvularieae – 4<\/strong>
(2) a short rhizome rather than a corm<\/strong>
\u30db\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30af\u30bd\u30a6 Disporum sessile<\/em>_2: Disporum sessile_<\/em>20130514_2. CC BY-NC. \u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea Disporum smilacinum<\/em>_2: Disporum smilacinum_<\/em>20131008_2. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularieae – <\/strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphological characteristics of Uvularieae: (2) <\/strong>a short rhizome rather than a corm<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

By autumn, around the time when the current year\u2019s shoot (white arrow) dies back, the bud for the following year (yellow arrow) has formed at the tip of the short rhizome. In the following spring, a new shoot (yellow arrow) elongates from this bud and flowers. By that time, the previous year\u2019s rhizome has collapsed (white dotted arrow). The thick fleshy roots resemble those of Burchardia<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u540c\u3058\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306b\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u3068\u4f3c\u305f\u6839\u830e\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u592a\u3044\u8089\u8cea\u6839\u306f\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u6839\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
Uvularia perfoliata<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Bill Harms. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/172271650. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

In Uvularia<\/em>, which also belongs to Uvularieae, rhizomes similar to those of Disporum<\/em> are formed. The thick fleshy roots resemble those of Burchardia<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong> – 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u7279\u5fb4: (3) <\/strong>\u5e45\u5e83\u306e\u8449\u3092<\/strong>\u3064<\/strong>\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u7a2e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9ad8\u3055\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u6570 cm\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u3082\u306e\u304b\u30891 m\u8fd1\u304f\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u307e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023 – 5<\/strong>
(3) \u5e45\u5e83\u306e\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e <\/strong>
Uvularieae – 5<\/strong>
(3) an aerial stem bearing broad leaves<\/strong>
Disporum hookeri<\/em>_1: Disporum hookeri<\/em>_20110305_1. CC BY-NC. Disporum bodinieri<\/em>_1: Disporum bodinieri<\/em>_20240511_1. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularieae<\/strong> -5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphological characteristics of Uvularieae: (3) <\/strong>an aerial stem bearing broad leaves<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The height of the aerial stem varies among species, ranging from only a few centimetres to nearly 1 m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>) –<\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u6771\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u897f\u306f\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u3001\u5357\u306f\u30b8\u30e3\u30ef\u5cf6\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u300130\u7a2e\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) -1<\/strong>
Disporum<\/em> (Uvularieae) – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Disporum<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Uvularieae<\/strong>) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disporum<\/em> is distributed from East Asia westward to India and southward to Java, and 30 species are known (POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong>\uff08Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8<\/strong>\uff1a\u6839\u830e\u3002
\u830e\u8449<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f4\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u307e\u305f\u306f\u679d\u5206\u304b\u308c\u3059\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3002\u8449\u306f\uff12\u5217\u306b\u4e26\u3073\u3001\u7121\u67c4\u307e\u305f\u306f\u77ed\u3044\u8449\u67c4\u3092\u6301\u3061\u3001\u5375\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u7dda\u5f62\u306e\u5e73\u9762\u8449\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f\u3001\u82b1<\/strong>\uff1a\u9802\u751f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u814b\u751f\u3067\u3001\u5358\u751f\u3001\uff12\u500b\u3001\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u6570\u304c\u6563\u5f62\u72b6\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u306f\u4e0b\u5782\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u306f\u91e3\u9418\u578b\u304b\u3089\u7b52\u72b6\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3002\u767d\u8272\u3001\u7dd1\u8272\u3001\u7d2b\u8272\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5916\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u7652\u5408\u305b\u305a\u96e2\u751f\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50<\/strong>\uff1a\u9752\u9ed2\u8272\u306e\u6db2\u679c\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u5375\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5c5e\u306f\u84b4\u679c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u306e\u307f\u304c\u6db2\u679c berry \u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u7523\u306e\u30db\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30af\u30bd\u30a6 Disporum sessile<\/em> \u306e\u6db2\u679c\u306f\u3001\u9ce5\u6563\u5e03\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Nakanishi 1996)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 2<\/strong>
Disporum<\/em> (Uvularieae) – 2<\/strong>
\u30db\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30af\u30bd\u30a6 Disporum sessile<\/em>_3: Disporum sessile<\/em>_3. CC BY-NC. Disporum hainanense<\/em>_1: Disporum hainanensis<\/em>_20240226_1. CC BY-NC. Disporum bodinieri<\/em>_2: Disporum bodinieri<\/em>_20240511_2. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Disporum<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Uvularieae<\/strong>) – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998)
Underground organs:<\/strong> Rhizome.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> Aerial stem erect, simple or branched. Leaves distichous, sessile or shortly petiolate, flat, ovate to linear.
Inflorescence and flowers:<\/strong> Flowers terminal or axillary, solitary, paired, or more numerous and umbellate. Flowers often pendulous. Perianth campanulate to tubular. Tepals free, white, green, or purple. Anthers extrorse. Styles free, not connate.
Fruit and seeds:<\/strong> Fruit a blue-black berry. Seeds globose to ovoid.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Other genera of Colchicaceae form capsules, whereas only Disporum<\/em> forms berries. The berries of the Japanese species Disporum sessile<\/em> are considered to be bird-dispersed (Nakanishi 1996).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u306e\u82b1\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30db\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30af\u30bd\u30a6\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u7b52\u72b6\u9418\u5f62\u3068\u306a\u308b\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3001\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u3084 Disporum viridescens<\/em> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6f0f\u6597\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u5e73\u958b\u3059\u308b\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u3001Disporum cantoniense<\/em> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e21\u8005\u306e\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u306a\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306b\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u30bf\u30a4\u30d7\u304c\u5358\u7cfb\u7d71\u7fa4\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b (Tamura et al. 2013)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u306e\u8a2a\u82b1\u6606\u866b\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u8abf\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001\u7b52\u72b6\u9418\u5f62\u306e\u82b1\u3092\u3082\u3064\u30db\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30af\u30bd\u30a6\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30de\u30eb\u30cf\u30ca\u30d0\u30c1 Bombus ardens<\/em> \u306e\u8a2a\u82b1\u304c\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Suetsugu and Fukushima 2014)\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u82b1\u304c\u6f0f\u6597\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u5e73\u958b\u3059\u308b\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u8a2a\u82b1\u8005\u306b\u7279\u6b8a\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Utech and Kawano 1977)\u3002\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u306a\u958b\u304d\u5177\u5408\u3092\u3082\u3064\u7a2e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u4f8b\u306f\u898b\u3064\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u871c\u817a\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u81a8\u3089\u3080\u7a2e\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8ddd\u306f\u767a\u9054\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001Disporum calcaratum<\/em>, D. dorsifixerum<\/em>, D. phuhinrongklaensis<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u306b\u8ddd\u304c\u767a\u9054\u3057\u3001\u53e3\u543b\u306e\u9577\u3044\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u3092\u8a98\u5f15\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82b1\u8272\u306b\u306f\u767d\u8272\u3001\u9ec4\u8272\u3001\u7d2b\u8272\u306a\u3069\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u3067\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4f53\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u82b1\u304c\u4e0b\u5782\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3082\u306e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u82b1\u306e\u6210\u719f\u6bb5\u968e\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3001\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u751f\u80b2\u72b6\u6cc1\u306e\u9055\u3044\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u304b\u306f\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 3<\/strong>
Disporum<\/em> (Uvularieae) – 3<\/strong>
\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea Disporum smilacinum<\/em>_3: Disporum smilacinum<\/em>_20130505_3. CC BY-NC. \u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea Disporum smilacinum<\/em>_4: Disporum smilacinum<\/em>_20130505_4. CC BY-NC. Disporum viridescens<\/em>-1: Cropped a photo by V.S. Volkotrub. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/32157533. CC BY-NC. Disporum viridescens<\/em>-2: Cropped a photo by Andreas Taeger. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/179628221. CC BY.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Disporum cantoniense<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by desertnaturalist. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/220916416. CC BY. Disporum hainanense<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Jing-Yi Lu. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/108983896. CC BY-NC. \u30ad\u30d0\u30ca\u30db\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30af\u30bd\u30a6 Disporum uniflorum<\/em>_1: Disporum uniflorum<\/em>_20130505. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Disporum calcaratum<\/em>-1: Cropped a photo by Shrey Maurya. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/511282868. CC BY-NC. Disporum phuhinrongklaense<\/em>-1: Cropped a photo by rungsrit. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/218125866. CC BY-NC. Disporum dorsifixerum<\/em>-1: Cropped a photo by athiwu. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/524328532. CC BY-SA.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Disporum<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Uvularieae<\/strong>) – 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flowers of Disporum<\/em> include a tubular-campanulate type, as in Disporum sessile<\/em>, a funnel-shaped to widely spreading type, as in Disporum smilacinum<\/em> and Disporum viridescens<\/em>, and an intermediate type, as in Disporum cantoniense<\/em>. Among the species examined to date by molecular phylogenetic analysis, each of these floral types forms a monophyletic group (Tamura et al. 2013).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flower-visiting insects of Disporum<\/em> have been little studied. However, visits by the bumblebee Bombus ardens<\/em> have been observed in Disporum sessile<\/em>, which has tubular-campanulate flowers (Suetsugu and Fukushima 2014). In contrast, Disporum smilacinum<\/em>, whose flowers are funnel-shaped to widely spreading, is thought not to be specialized for particular flower visitors (Utech and Kawano 1977). I could not find any studies on species with an intermediate degree of floral opening.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In most species of Disporum<\/em>, nectaries are located at the bases of the perianth and stamens, and in some species the bases of the tepals are swollen, but spurs are not developed. In contrast, Disporum calcaratum<\/em>, D. dorsifixerum<\/em>, and D. phuhinrongklaensis<\/em> develop tepal spurs and may attract long-tongued pollinating insects.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Flower colour varies, including white, yellow, and purple, but its relationship with pollinating insects is unknown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Disporum smilacinum<\/em>, some individuals have nodding flowers whereas others do not. It is not known whether this difference reflects differences in floral maturity, genetic differences, or differences in growing conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Uvularia<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u5317\u7c73\u4e2d\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u6771\u90e8\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u81ea\u751f\u3057\u30015\u7a2e\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Uvularia<\/em> (Uvularieae) – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularia<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Uvularieae<\/strong>) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uvularia<\/em> is native to central and eastern North America, and five species are known (POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u7d30\u3044\u6839\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u76f4\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u3057\u3070\u3057\u3070\u6240\u3005\u3067\u5206\u679d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u5375\u72b6\u62ab\u91dd\u5f62\u306e\u5e73\u9762\u8449\u3067\u3001\u7121\u67c4\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u814b\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u306b\u306f\u82b1\u67c4\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e0b\u5782\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u767d\u8272\u304b\u3089\u7dd1\u8272\u304c\u304b\u3063\u305f\u9ec4\u8272\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5916\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5358\u4e00\u3067\u3001\u4e0a\u90e8\u30673\u5206\u679d\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u84b4\u679c\u306f\u5375\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u30673\u7a1c\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u80de\u9593\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u307b\u307c\u7403\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u3068\u306f\u3001\u6db2\u679c\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u84b4\u679c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u846f\u9694\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068 (\u9ed2\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u533a\u5225\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 2<\/strong>
Uvularia<\/em> (Uvularieae) – 2<\/strong>
\u30ad\u30d0\u30ca\u30db\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30af\u30bd\u30a6Disporum uniflorum<\/em>_2: Disporum uniflorum<\/em>_20130505. CC BY-NC. \u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea Disporum smilacinum<\/em>_4: Disporum smilacinum<\/em>_20130505. CC BY-NC. Uvularia perfoliata<\/em>_3: Uvularia grandiflora<\/em>_20130505. CC BY-NC. Uvularia sessilifolia<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Tom Scavo. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/287048851. CC BY. Uvularia grandiflora<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Patrice Dupont. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/501655278. CC BY. Uvularia floridana<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Ryan Sorrells. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/364893820. CC BY. Uvularia puberula<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Ken Kneidel. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/38288752. CC Public domain.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularia<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Uvularieae<\/strong>) – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology <\/strong>(Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> Slender rhizomes are formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> The aerial stem is erect and often branches at several points. The leaves are sessile, flat, and ovate-lanceolate.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> The inflorescences are axillary. The flowers are pedicellate and nodding. The tepals are free, white to greenish yellow. The anthers are extrorse. The style is single and three-branched in the upper part.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The capsule is ovate to elliptic, three-angled, and dehisces septicidally. The seeds are subglobose and bear a strophiole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uvularia<\/em> is distinguished from Disporum<\/em> by forming capsules rather than berries, and by the elongated tip of the anther connective (black arrow).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uvularia grandiflora<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u3001\u30de\u30eb\u30cf\u30ca\u30d0\u30c1\u985e\u3084\u5358\u72ec\u6027\u30cf\u30ca\u30d0\u30c1\u985e\u306e\u8a2a\u82b1\u304c\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Edens-Meler et al. 2020)\u3002\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u306b\u306f\u767d\u8272\u82b1\u306e\u7a2e\u3068\u9ec4\u8272\u82b1\u306e\u7a2e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u82b1\u8272\u3068\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306f\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 3<\/strong>
Uvularia<\/em> (Uvularieae) – 3<\/strong>
Uvularia grandiflora<\/em>-2: Cropped a photo by Tom Scavo. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/198049487. CC BY. Uvularia grandiflora<\/em>-3: Cropped a photo by JanetandPhil. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/96536. CC BY-NC-ND. Uvularia sessilifolia<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Jeff White. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/38735353. CC BY-NC. Uvularia puberula<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Scott Morris. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/633379334. CC BY. Uvularia floridana<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Brian Charles. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/189219486. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularia<\/em> (Uvularieae) – 3<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Uvularia grandiflora<\/em>, visits by bumblebees and solitary bees have been observed (Edens-Meler et al. 2020). Uvularia<\/em> includes species with white flowers and species with yellow flowers, but the relationship between flower colour and pollinating insects remains unclear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Uvularia prolifera<\/em> \u306e\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u5411\u8ef8\u5074 (\u8868\u9762, \u5185\u9762) \u306b\u306f\u3001\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u9ec4\u8272\u306e\u4e73\u982d\u72b6\u7a81\u8d77\u304c\u591a\u6570\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u3068\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u3069\u3001\u305d\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001U. grandiflora<\/em> \u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u8cab\u751f\u8449\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u8449\u67c4\u3092\u3082\u3064\u7a2e\u3068\u306e\u9069\u5fdc\u7684\u306a\u9055\u3044\u306f\u308f\u304b\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 4<\/strong>
Uvularia<\/em> (Uvularieae) – 4<\/strong>
Uvularia perfoliata<\/em>_4: Uvularia perfoliata<\/em>_20130505_4. CC BY-NC. Uvularia perfoliata<\/em>_5: Uvularia perfoliata<\/em>_20130505_5. CC BY-NC. Uvularia grandiflora<\/em>_4: Cropped a photo by Murray Beckel. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/378650371. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularia<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Uvularieae<\/strong>) – 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Uvularia prolifera<\/em>, numerous small yellow papillae are formed on the adaxial side (upper, inner surface) of the tepals, but their function, including any relationship with pollinating insects, is unknown. Like U. grandiflora<\/em>, this species also forms perfoliate leaves, but the adaptive difference between these species and those with petiolate leaves remains unclear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u306f\u6db2\u679c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Uvularia<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u5c5e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u84b4\u679c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306b\u306f\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb strophiole \u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u30a2\u30ea\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u6563\u5e03\u3055\u308c\u308b (Warren et al. 2017; Whigham 1974)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 5<\/strong>
Uvularia<\/em> (Uvularieae) – 5<\/strong>
Uvularia perfoliate<\/em>_6: Cropped a photo by Kristi Zoebelein. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/211689949. CC Public domain. Uvularia perfoliate<\/em>_7: Cropped a photo by Katherine Thorington. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/9219061. CC BY-NC. Uvularia perfoliate<\/em>_8: Cropped a photo by Katherine Thorington. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/9219068. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Uvularia<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Uvularieae<\/strong>) – 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Disporum<\/em> forms berries, whereas Uvularia<\/em>, like many other genera of Colchicaceae, forms capsules. The seeds form a strophiole and are dispersed by ants (Warren et al. 2017; Whigham 1974).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023<\/strong> – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023 Tripladenieae \u306f\u30011\u7a2e\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Tripladenia<\/em>\u30011\u7a2e\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Kuntheria<\/em>\u3001\u304a\u3088\u30732\u7a2e\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30cf\u30f3\u30e1\u30e9\u5c5e Schelhammera<\/em> \u306e3\u5c5e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3002\u5168\u7a2e\u304c\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3001\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30cf\u30f3\u30e1\u30e9\u5c5e\u306e Schelhammera multiflora<\/em> 1\u7a2e\u306e\u307f\u304c\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ae\u30cb\u30a2\u306b\u3082\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u3066\u3044\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023 – 1<\/strong>
Tripladenieae – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tripladenieae<\/strong> – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tripladenieae comprises three genera: Tripladenia<\/em>, with one species; Kuntheria<\/em>, with one species; and Schelhammera<\/em>, with two species. All species are distributed in Australia, and only one species of Schelhammera<\/em>, Schelhammera multiflora<\/em>, also extends its distribution to New Guinea (POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023 – 2 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023 Tripladenieae \u306f\u3001\u5916\u7fa4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30e6\u30ea\u30ba\u30a4\u30bb\u30f3\u79d1\u3084\u30da\u30fc\u30bf\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u30cb\u30a2\u79d1\u3068\u5171\u901a\u3057\u3066\u3001(1) \u6839\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001(2) \u5e45\u5e83\u306e\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073 (3) \u7a2e\u5b50\u306b\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7956\u5148\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u3082\u5171\u901a\u3059\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5c5e\u306b\u306f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u82b1\u304c\u4e0a\u5411\u304d\u306b\u54b2\u304f\u70b9\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023 – 2 <\/strong>
\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong>
Tripladenieae – 2 <\/strong>
Morphological character of Tripladenieae<\/strong>
Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_2: Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_20131227_2. CC BY-NC. <\/strong>Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>-3: Cropped a photo by Royal Botanic Gardens and Domain Trust. https:\/\/biocache.ala.org.au\/occurrences\/badc389e-f281-4567-bd5d-af39aba964bf. CC BY. Kuntheria pedunculata<\/em>_1: Reproduced from Clifford, H.T. and Conran, J.G. (1987). Kuntheria<\/em>. Flora of Australia 45<\/em>, 416\u2013418. CC BY 4.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tripladenieae – 2 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphological character of Tripladenieae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tripladenieae retains ancestral characters shared with the outgroups Alstroemeriaceae and Petermanniaceae: (1) the formation of rhizomes, (2) the formation of aerial stems bearing broad leaves, and (3) the formation of strophioles on the seeds. These characters are also shared with Uvularieae, but are not found in the other genera of Colchicaceae. In contrast, Tripladenieae differs from Uvularieae in having upward-facing flowers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Tripladenia<\/em> \u306f1\u7a2e\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308a\u3001Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em> \u304c\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u6771\u90e8\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Tripladenia<\/em> (Tripladenieae) – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tripladenia<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Tripladenieae<\/strong>) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Tripladenia<\/em> consists of a single species, Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>, which is distributed in eastern Australia (GBIF, POWO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b <\/strong>(Clifford and Conran 1987, Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u7bc0\u306e\u76ee\u7acb\u3064\u6839\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u76f4\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5206\u679d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u5375\u72b6\u62ab\u91dd\u5f62\u3067\u30012\u5217\u306b\u4e92\u751f\u3057\u3001\u7121\u67c4\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u814b\u751f\u306e\u96c6\u6563\u82b1\u5e8f\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u6843\u8272\u307e\u305f\u306f\u85e4\u7d2b\u8272\u3067\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u871c\u817a\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5916\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u307b\u307c\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u3067\u5408\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u6d0b\u68a8\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u7403\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u3084\u3084\u8089\u8cea\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u80de\u80cc\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e\u306b\u7279\u6709\u306e\u5f62\u8cea\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u57fa\u90e8\u306e\u4e21\u5074\u306b\u817a (\u9ed2\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u817a\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306f\u9ec4\u8272\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u304c (\u4e0b\u306e2\u679a\u306e\u5199\u771f)\u3001\u53f3\u4e0a\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9ec4\u8272\u304f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u500b\u4f53\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 2<\/strong>
Tripladenia<\/em> (Tripladenieae) – 2<\/strong>
Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_4: Reproduced from Hooker, W.J. 1842. Kreysigia multiflora<\/em>. Many-flowered Kreysigia. Curtis\u2019s Botanical Magazine<\/em>, ser. 2, 15 [= vol. 68]: tab. 3905.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_5: Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_20131227_5. CC BY-NC. Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_6: Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_20131227_6. CC BY-NC. Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_7: Cropped a photo by Matt Saunders. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/587211140. CC BY-NC. Tripladenia cunninghamii<\/em>_8: Cropped a photo by Alex Kenins. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/342573799. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tripladenia<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Tripladenieae<\/strong>) – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology <\/strong>(Clifford and Conran 1987, Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A conspicuously nodose rhizome is formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> The aerial stem is erect and branched. The leaves are ovate-lanceolate, distichously alternate, and sessile.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> The inflorescences are axillary cymes. The tepals are free, pink or lilac-purple, and bear nectaries at the base. The anthers are extrorse. The styles are almost free, fused only at the base.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is pear-shaped to globose, somewhat fleshy, and dehisces loculicidally. The seeds are globose and bear a strophiole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

As a character unique to Tripladenia<\/em>, glands are formed on both sides of the base of each tepal (black arrow). The tips of the glands often become yellow (two lower photographs), although in some individuals they do not become yellow, as shown in the upper right photograph.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Kuntheria<\/em> \u306f1\u7a2e\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308a\u3001Kuntheria pedunculata<\/em> \u304c\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5317\u6771\u90e8\u306e\u30af\u30a4\u30fc\u30f3\u30ba\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u5dde\u306e\u71b1\u5e2f\u96e8\u6797\u306b\u81ea\u751f\u3059\u308b (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Kuntheria<\/em> (Tripladenieae) – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kuntheria<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Tripladenieae<\/strong>) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Kuntheria<\/em> consists of a single species, Kuntheria pedunculata<\/em>, which is native to the rainforests of Queensland in northeastern Australia (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Clifford and Conran 1987, Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u592a\u304f\u7bc0\u306e\u76ee\u7acb\u3064\u6839\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u76f4\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5206\u679d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u9ad8\u30552 m\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u6728\u8cea\u5316\u3057\u305f\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u591a\u5e74\u751f\u4f4e\u6728\u3002\u8449\u306f2\u5217\u306b\u4e92\u751f\u3057\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u8449\u67c4\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u8449\u8eab\u306f\u5375\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u3002\u4e8c\u6b21\u8108\u306e\u7db2\u76ee\u306f\u9577\u3055\u3068\u5e45\u304c\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u304b\u3001\u6a2a\u9577\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u9802\u751f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e0a\u90e8\u306e\u8449\u814b\u306b\u3064\u304f\u6563\u5f62\u82b1\u5e8f\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u871c\u817a\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u6843\u8272\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5185\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u307b\u307c\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u3067\u5408\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u5186\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u9577\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u3084\u3084\u8089\u8cea\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u80de\u80cc\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u89d2\u5f35\u308a\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u5e45\u5e83\u306e\u8449\u3092\u3082\u3064\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3082\u3001\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u8449\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8449\u306e\u4e8c\u6b21\u8108\u306e\u7db2\u76ee\u304c\u7e26\u9577\u3067\u3042\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7db2\u76ee\u306e\u9577\u3055\u3068\u5e45\u304c\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u304b\u3001\u6a2a\u9577\u3067\u3042\u308b (Clifford and Conran 1987)\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u4ed6\u306e2\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u8449\u8eab\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u5fc3\u5f62\u3068\u306a\u308a\u8449\u67c4\u3092\u6b20\u304f\u304c\u3001\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u8449\u8eab\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u6954\u5f62\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u77ed\u3044\u8449\u67c4 (\u767d\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u3092\u8b58\u5225\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30af\u30f3\u30c6\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Kuntheria<\/em> (Tripladenieae) – 1<\/strong>
Kuntheria pedunculata<\/em>_1: Kuntheria pedunculata<\/em>_20130922_1. CC BY-NC. <\/strong>Kuntheria pedunculata<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Steve Fitzgerald. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/331879704. CC BY-SA. Kuntheria pedunculata<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by djwitherall. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/467097164. CC BY-NC. Kuntheria pedunculata<\/em>_4: Cropped from a photo by M. Fagg. https:\/\/images.ala.org.au\/image\/details?imageId=fbf0e364-0ba3-4fb5-a081-555bea895f71. CC BY 4.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Kuntheria<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Tripladenieae<\/strong>) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology <\/strong>(Clifford and Conran 1987, Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A thick, conspicuously nodose rhizome is formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> The aerial stem is erect and branched. It is a perennial shrub with woody stems reaching up to 2 m in height. The leaves are distichously alternate and have short petioles. The leaf blades are ovate to elliptic. The meshes of the secondary veins are approximately as long as wide, or wider than long.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> The inflorescences are umbels, borne terminally or in the axils of the upper leaves. The tepals are free and bear nectaries at the base. The tepals are pink. The anthers are introrse. The styles are almost free, fused only at the base.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is a rounded to oblong, somewhat fleshy capsule, and dehisces loculicidally. The seeds are globose to angular and bear a strophiole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Among Tripladenieae and Uvularieae, both of which have broad leaves, Kuntheria<\/em> has particularly broad leaves. In species of Tripladenieae other than Kuntheria<\/em>, the meshes of the secondary veins are longer than wide, whereas in Kuntheria<\/em> they are approximately as long as wide, or wider than long (Clifford and Conran 1987). In addition, in the other two genera of Tripladenieae, the leaf-blade base is cordate and petioles are absent, whereas in Kuntheria<\/em> the leaf-blade base is cuneate and a short petiole (white arrow) can be distinguished.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30cf\u30f3\u30e1\u30e9<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30cf\u30f3\u30e1\u30e9\u5c5e Schelhammera<\/em> \u306f2\u7a2e\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308a\u3001Schelhammera multiflora<\/em> \u306f\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u6771\u90e8\u3068\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ae\u30cb\u30a2\u306b\u3001Schelhammera undulata<\/em> \u306f\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5357\u6771\u90e8\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30cf\u30f3\u30e1\u30e9\u5c5e (\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Schelhammera<\/em> (Tripladenieae) – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Schelhammera<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Tripladenieae<\/strong>) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Schelhammera<\/em> comprises two species: Schelhammera multiflora<\/em>, which is distributed in eastern Australia and New Guinea, and Schelhammera undulata<\/em>, which is distributed in southeastern Australia (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30cf\u30f3\u30e1\u30e9<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Clifford and Conran 1987, Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u9c57\u7247\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u7d30\u3044\u6839\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u6839\u306b\u306f\u5c0f\u3055\u306a\u584a\u6839\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u530d\u5310\u6027\u304b\u3089\u76f4\u7acb\u6027\u306e\u5206\u679d\u3059\u308b\u591a\u5e74\u751f\u8349\u672c\u3002\u8449\u306f2\u5217\u306b\u4e92\u751f\u3057\u3001\u7121\u67c4\u3002\u8449\u8eab\u306f\u5375\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u62ab\u91dd\u5f62\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u9802\u751f\u3059\u308b\u6563\u5f62\u72b6\u96c6\u6563\u82b1\u5e8f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f1\u500b\u304b\u3089\u6570\u500b\u306e\u82b1\u304c\u9802\u751f\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u4e0a\u90e8\u306e\u8449\u814b\u306b\u3064\u304f\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u871c\u817a\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u767d\u8272\u304b\u3089\u6843\u8272\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5916\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u307b\u307c\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u3067\u5408\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u5375\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u3084\u3084\u8089\u8cea\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u80de\u80cc\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u5375\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Schelhammera multiflora<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50\u306b\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u767a\u9054\u3057\u306a\u3044\u304c\u3001S. undulata<\/em>\u306f\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b (\u9ed2\u8272\u77e2\u5370; Clifford and Conran 1987)\u3002\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u817a\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3044\u70b9\u3067\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b7\u30a7\u30eb\u30cf\u30f3\u30e1\u30e9\u5c5e (\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Schelhammera<\/em> (Tripladenieae) – 1<\/strong>
Schelhammera multiflora<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by chough. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/505343116. CC BY-NC. S. undulata<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by hughberry. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/448604046. CC BY-NC. S. ndulata<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Yennifer (Jennifer) Longo. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/337759901. CC BY-NC. S. multiflora<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by tmoore56. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/624798665. CC BY-NC. S. undulata<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by Shirley McLaran. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/608554883. CC BY-NC-SA. S. undulata<\/em>_4: Cropped a photo by Solomonfrank. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/467250318. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Schelhammera<\/em><\/strong> (<\/strong>Tripladenieae<\/strong>) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology<\/strong> (Clifford and Conran 1987, Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A slender rhizome bearing scale leaves is formed. Small tuberous roots are formed on the roots.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> A prostrate to erect, branched perennial herb. The leaves are distichously alternate and sessile. The leaf blades are ovate to lanceolate.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> The inflorescence is a terminal umbel-like cyme, or one to several flowers are borne terminally or in the axils of the upper leaves. The tepals are free and bear nectaries at the base. The tepals are white to pink. The anthers are extrorse. The styles are almost free, fused only at the base.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is an ovate, somewhat fleshy capsule and dehisces loculicidally. The seeds are globose to ovoid and bear a strophiole.Schelhammera multiflora<\/em> does not develop a strophiole on the seeds, whereas S. undulata<\/em> forms a strophiole (black arrow; Clifford and Conran 1987). It resembles Tripladenia<\/em>, but differs in lacking glands at the base of the tepals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6797\u5e8a\u74b0\u5883\u3078\u306e\u9069\u5fdc<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306f\u3001\u6839\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5e45\u5e83\u3044\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5171\u901a\u306e\u7956\u5148\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e\u306f\u6db2\u679c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7a2e\u306f\u3001\u84b4\u679c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u3082\u3064\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u6563\u5e03\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Nordenstam 1998)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30e6\u30ea\u79d1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u958b\u3051\u305f\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u5730\u306b\u751f\u80b2\u3059\u308b\u7a2e\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9c57\u830e\u3001\u76ee\u7acb\u3064\u82b1\u3001\u98a8\u6563\u5e03\u7a2e\u5b50\u3001\u7d30\u304f\u5e73\u884c\u8108\u3092\u3082\u3064\u8449\u3068\u3044\u3046\u6d3e\u751f\u5f62\u8cea\u304c\u53ce\u6582\u7684\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u65e5\u9670\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u5730\u306b\u751f\u80b2\u3059\u308b\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6839\u830e\u3001\u76ee\u7acb\u305f\u306a\u3044\u82b1\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u6563\u5e03\u7a2e\u5b50\u3001\u5e45\u5e83\u304f\u7db2\u72b6\u8108\u3092\u3082\u3064\u8449\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7956\u5148\u5f62\u8cea\u304c\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Patterson and Givnish 2002)\u3002\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u3067\u3082\u3001\u30d6\u30eb\u30ab\u30eb\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u5c5e\u3092\u9664\u304f\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u304c\u6797\u5e8a\u306b\u751f\u80b2\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u5f62\u8cea\u304c\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u3089\u304c\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3084\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306b\u5f15\u304d\u7d99\u304c\u308c\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u6797\u5e8a\u6027\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3064\u308b\u6027\u306e\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u8d64\u8272\u306e\u8089\u8cea\u7d44\u7e54\u3092\u307e\u3068\u3063\u305f\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u3064\u308b\u306e\u5148\u304b\u3089\u52b9\u7387\u7684\u306b\u9ce5\u6563\u5e03\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Nordenstam 1998)\u3002\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u3046\u3061\u7403\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u958b\u3051\u305f\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u306e\u751f\u80b2\u5730\u306b\u751f\u80b2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u7a2e\u5b50\u306e\u98a8\u6563\u5e03\u3078\u306e\u9069\u5fdc\u306f\u898b\u3089\u308c\u306a\u3044 (Nordenstam 1998)\u3002\u74b0\u5883\u306f\u591a\u69d8\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u8907\u6570\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u5f62\u8cea\u306e\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u305b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7dcf\u5408\u7684\u306b\u9069\u5fdc\u5ea6\u304c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u5f62\u8cea\u306e\u9593\u306b\u306f\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u95a2\u9023\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u3001\u4f8b\u5916\u3082\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u6797\u5e8a\u74b0\u5883\u3078\u306e\u9069\u5fdc<\/strong>
Adaptation to forest-floor environments in Colchicaceae<\/strong>
\u30db\u30a6\u30c1\u30e3\u30af\u30bd\u30a6 Disporum sessile<\/em>_4: Disporum sessile<\/em>_20170514_3. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Adaptation to forest-floor environments in Colchicaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Within Colchicaceae, Uvularieae and Tripladenieae retain shared ancestral characters, namely the formation of rhizomes and the production of aerial stems bearing broad leaves. In addition, Disporum<\/em> forms berries, whereas Uvularia<\/em> and many species of Tripladenieae form capsules and produce seeds with strophioles; they are therefore considered to be animal-dispersed (Nordenstam 1998).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Liliaceae, derived characters such as bulbs, showy flowers, wind-dispersed seeds, and narrow leaves with parallel venation have evolved convergently in species that grow in open, seasonal habitats. In contrast, species growing in shaded habitats retain ancestral characters such as rhizomes, inconspicuous flowers, animal-dispersed seeds, and broad leaves with reticulate venation (Patterson and Givnish 2002). In Colchicaceae as well, the common ancestor of Colchicaceae excluding Burchardia<\/em> was probably a forest-floor plant, and these characters likely evolved in that ancestor and were subsequently inherited by Uvularieae and Tripladenieae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In contrast, the climbing genus Gloriosa<\/em>, which is not a forest-floor plant, produces seeds covered with red fleshy tissue and is thought to be efficiently bird-dispersed from the tips of its vines (Nordenstam 1998). Furthermore, the corm-forming genera of Colchicaceae grow in open, seasonal habitats, but they do not necessarily show adaptations for wind dispersal of seeds (Nordenstam 1998). Environments are diverse, and overall fitness is determined by combinations of multiple morphological characters. Therefore, although certain associations can be seen between particular environments and particular morphological characters, there are also many exceptions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3001<\/strong>\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023 Colchiceae\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023 Anguillarieae\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023 Iphigenieae \u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u306f\u3001(1) \u7a2e\u5b50\u306e\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u3001(2) \u80a5\u539a\u3059\u308b\u7403\u830e\u304c\u7372\u5f97\u3055\u308c\u3001(3) \u5e45\u5e83\u306e\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u304c\u6d88\u5931\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u51fa\u306a\u3044\u77ed\u3044\u830e\u304b\u3089\u8449\u3092\u53e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u614b\u3084\u3001\u7d30\u3044\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5f62\u614b (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e) \u304c\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5f62\u8cea\u5909\u5316\u306f\u3001\u6797\u5e8a\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e7e\u5b63\u3092\u4f34\u3046\u5b63\u7bc0\u6027\u8349\u539f\u3078\u306e\u9032\u51fa\u3068\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u304b\u3089\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u307e\u3067\u5e83\u57df\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b Iphigenia indica<\/em> \u306e\u3046\u3061\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u500b\u4f53\u7fa4\u3084\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5317\u6771\u90e8\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b I. brevis<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u4e7e\u5b63\u306e\u3042\u308b\u967d\u5730\u306b\u751f\u80b2\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b (Wang 2024)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148<\/strong>
The common ancestor of Colchiceae, Anguillarieae, and Iphigenieae<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u30b9\u30a4\u30b9\u306e\u30ed\u30b6\u30f3\u30cc\u8fd1\u90ca\u306e\u660e\u308b\u3044\u8349\u539f\u306b\u751f\u3048\u308b\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3
Colchicum autumnale<\/em> growing in a sunny grassland near Lausanne, Switzerland
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3 Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_15: Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_20110911_15. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The common ancestor of Colchiceae, Anguillarieae, and Iphigenieae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the common ancestor of Colchiceae, Anguillarieae, and Iphigenieae, it is inferred that (1) seed strophioles were lost, (2) thickened corms were acquired, and (3) aerial stems bearing broad leaves were lost. As a result, morphologies are thought to have evolved in which leaves are tufted from a short stem that scarcely emerges above ground, or in which aerial stems bearing narrow leaves are formed, as in Iphigenia<\/em>. These character changes may have been associated with a shift from forest-floor habitats to seasonal grasslands with a dry season. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, the Australian populations of the widely distributed Iphigenia indica<\/em>, which ranges from India to Australia, and I. brevis<\/em>, which occurs in northeastern Australia, form strophioles despite growing in sunny habitats with a dry season (Wang 2024).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>\u304a\u3088\u3073<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u5358<\/strong>\u7cfb\u7d71\u7fa4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u307f\u306b\u5171\u901a\u3057\u3066\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u5358\u7cfb\u7d71\u7fa4<\/strong>
The monophyletic group comprising Iphigenieae and Anguillarieae<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

The monophyletic group comprising Iphigenieae and Anguillarieae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Characters shared exclusively by Iphigenieae and Anguillarieae are unknown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>\u304a\u3088\u3073<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/strong> – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u30013\u679a\u306e\u5fc3\u76ae\u304c\u82b1\u67f1\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u307e\u3067\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u7740\u3059\u308b\u304c (\u9ed2\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5fc3\u76ae\u306f\u5b50\u623f\u4e0a\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u82b1\u67f1\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b (\u767d\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u9055\u3044 – 1<\/strong>
Differences between Iphigenieae and Anguillarieae – 1<\/strong>
Iphigenia oliveri<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Delia Oosthuizen. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/649321020. CC BY-NC. Camptorrhiza strumose<\/em>_1: Cropped from a photo by Simon Attwood, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/455637862. CC BY-NC. Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Louis van Wyk, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/564139615. CC BY-NC. Wurmbea kraussii<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Linda Loffler, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/600510054. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Differences between Iphigenieae and Anguillarieae – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In genera of Iphigenieae, the three carpels are completely fused up to the base of the style (black arrow), whereas in Anguillarieae the carpels are free from the upper part of the ovary to the styles (white arrow).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>\u304a\u3088\u3073<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>\u306e\u9055\u3044<\/strong> – <\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u304c\u82b1\u5e8f\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u3067\u306f\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u4f38\u9577\u305b\u305a\u3001\u8449\u306f\u30ed\u30bc\u30c3\u30c8\u72b6\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u9055\u3044 – 2<\/strong>
Differences between Iphigenieae and Anguillarieae – 2<\/strong>
Iphigenia indica<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by T. Abe Lloyd. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/112060921. CC BY-NC. Camptorrhiza strumosa<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Dewald du Plessis. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/62739368. CC BY-NC. Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by fynbos_adventures. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/568638274. CC BY-NC. Wurmbea hiemalis<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Gregory Clive Dunn. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/686119555. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Differences between Iphigenieae and Anguillarieae – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In both Iphigenieae and Anguillarieae, the distal part of the aerial stem becomes an inflorescence. However, in genera of Iphigenieae, the aerial stem bearing vegetative leaves elongates, whereas in Anguillarieae the aerial stem scarcely elongates and the leaves are formed in a rosette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023 Iphigenieae \u306f2\u5c5e\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Iphigenia<\/em> \u306b\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3001\u30de\u30c0\u30ac\u30b9\u30ab\u30eb\u3001\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u6771\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ae\u30cb\u30a2\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b14\u7a2e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e Camptorrhiza<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u5357\u90e8\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b1\u7a2e\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u4e21\u5c5e\u3067\u306f3\u679a\u306e\u5fc3\u76ae\u304c\u82b1\u67f1\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u307e\u3067\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3001\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>
Iphigenieae<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenieae<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenieae comprises two genera. The genus Iphigenia<\/em> includes 14 species distributed in Africa, Madagascar, South Asia to Southeast Asia, southern China, New Guinea, and Australia. In contrast, the genus Camptorrhiza<\/em> consists of a single species distributed in southern Africa (POWO 2026). As described above, in both genera the three carpels are completely fused up to the base of the style, and the aerial stem bearing vegetative leaves elongates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e Camptorrhiza<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u5927\u9678\u5357\u90e8\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b Camptorrhiza strumosa<\/em> 1\u7a2e\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Camptorrhiza<\/em> (Iphigenieae) – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Camptorrhiza<\/em><\/strong> (Iphigenieae) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Camptorrhiza<\/em> consists of a single species, Camptorrhiza strumosa<\/em>, which is distributed in southern continental Africa (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u7403\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u76f4\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5206\u679d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u591a\u5e74\u751f\u8349\u672c\u3002\u830e\u306f\u30b8\u30b0\u30b6\u30b0\u72b6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u7121\u67c4\u3067\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306f\u9798\u72b6\u3068\u306a\u308a\u30012\u5217\u306b\u4e92\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u8eab\u306f\u7dda\u5f62\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u7dcf\u72b6\u82b1\u5e8f\u72b6\u306e\u3055\u305d\u308a\u72b6\u96c6\u6563\u82b1\u5e8f\u3067\u3001\u9802\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u306f\u30011\u500b\u304b\u3089\u6570\u500b\u306e\u82b1\u304c\u9802\u751f\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u4e0a\u90e8\u306e\u8449\u814b\u306b\u3064\u304f\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u7dd1\u8272\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6843\u8272\u3067\u3001\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u3002\u871c\u817a\u306e\u6709\u7121\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u3002\u82b1\u7cf8\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u306b\u7a81\u8d77\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5074\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5168\u4f53\u304c\u5408\u7740\u3057\u30011\u672c\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u5375\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u6955\u5186\u4f53\u5f62\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3067\u3001\u80de\u80cc\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u9023\u306e\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u6298\u308a\u306e\u7d30\u3044\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001(1) \u82b1\u7cf8\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u306b\u7a81\u8d77\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068 (\u9ec4\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3001(2) \u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u67f1\u982d\u307e\u3067\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3066\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u82b1\u67f1\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068 (\u8d64\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b (Obermeyer 1961, Lekhak et al. 2016)\u3002\u5408\u7740\u3057\u305f\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u679c\u6642\u307e\u3067\u6b8b\u308b (\u4e2d\u592e2\u679a\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306e\u8d64\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002\u82b1\u7cf8\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7a81\u8d77\u306e\u6a5f\u80fd\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 2<\/strong>
Camptorrhiza<\/em> (Iphigenieae) – 2<\/strong>
Camptorrhiza strumosa<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Nick Helme. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/462499482. CC BY-NC. C. strumosa<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Die Wilgers. https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Camptorrhiza_strumosa_1DS-II_1-1343.jpg. CC BY-SA 4.0. C. strumosa<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by Simon Attwood. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/455637926. CC BY-NC. C. strumosa<\/em>_4: Cropped a photo by Manuel R Popp. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/175728152. CC BY.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Camptorrhiza<\/em><\/strong> (Iphigenieae) – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology <\/strong>(Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A corm is formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> An erect, unbranched perennial herb. The stem is zigzag. The leaves are sessile, with sheathing bases, and are arranged distichously alternate. The leaf blades are linear.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> The inflorescence is a terminal raceme-like scorpioid cyme. Alternatively, one to several flowers are borne terminally or in the axils of the upper leaves. The tepals are free, green or pink, and reflexed. The presence or absence of nectaries is unknown. A projection is formed in the middle part of each filament. The anthers are latrorse. The styles are fused throughout and form a single style.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is an ovate to ellipsoid capsule and dehisces loculicidally. The seeds are globose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Like Iphigenia<\/em>, the other genus in the same tribe, Camptorrhiza<\/em> forms an aerial stem bearing narrow, conduplicate leaves. However, it differs from Iphigenia<\/em> in (1) forming a projection in the middle part of each filament (yellow arrow), and (2) having the styles fused up to the stigma to form a single style (red arrow) (Obermeyer 1961, Lekhak et al. 2016). The fused single style persists until the fruiting stage (red arrows in the two central photographs). The function of the projection formed in the middle part of the filament is unknown.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Iphigenia<\/em> \u306b\u306f14\u7a2e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3001\u30de\u30c0\u30ac\u30b9\u30ab\u30eb\u3001\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u3001\u6771\u5357\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u5357\u90e8\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30ae\u30cb\u30a2\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5317\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u6771\u90e8\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5e83\u304f\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Iphigenia<\/em> (Iphigenieae) – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia<\/em><\/strong> (Iphigenieae) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Iphigenia<\/em> includes 14 species and is widely distributed across Africa, Madagascar, South Asia, Southeast Asia, southern China, New Guinea, and northern to eastern Australia (POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – <\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u7403\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u76f4\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5206\u679d\u3057\u306a\u3044\u591a\u5e74\u751f\u8349\u672c\u3002\u8449\u306f\u7121\u67c4\u3067\u3001\u7dda\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u7cf8\u72b6\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u7dcf\u72b6\u82b1\u5e8f\u72b6\u306e\u3055\u305d\u308a\u72b6\u96c6\u6563\u82b1\u5e8f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9802\u751f\u3059\u308b1\u82b1\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u67c4\u304c\u53cd\u66f2\u3059\u308b\u7a2e\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u767d\u8272\u3001\u6843\u8272\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8910\u8d64\u8272\u3002\u871c\u817a\u306e\u6709\u7121\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5074\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u77ed\u304f\u3001\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u5375\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u5186\u7b52\u5f62\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3067\u3001\u80de\u80cc\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u9577\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u4e73\u982d\u72b6\u7a81\u8d77\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u9023\u306e\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u6298\u308a\u306e\u7d30\u3044\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3067\u3001(1) \u82b1\u7cf8\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u306b\u7a81\u8d77\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001(2) \u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068 (\u8d64\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b (Obermeyer 1961, Lekhak et al. 2016)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 2<\/strong>
Iphigenia<\/em> (Iphigenieae) – 2<\/strong>
Iphigenia pallida<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by swanand kesari. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/21061566. CC BY-NC. <\/strong>I. magnifica<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by S.MORE. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/162396583. CC Public domain. I. magnifica<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Pravin Sangale. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/623659808. CC BY-NC. I. indica<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by atwebb. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/467760649. CC BY-NC. I. indica<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Kobita Dass Kolli. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/548540901. CC BY-NC. <\/strong>I. brevis<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by jusarm. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/475988522. CC BY-NC. I. brevis<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by jusarm. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/475988021. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia<\/em><\/strong> (Iphigenieae) – <\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology <\/strong>(Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A corm is formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> An erect, unbranched perennial herb. The leaves are sessile and linear to filiform.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> The inflorescence is a raceme-like scorpioid cyme, or a single terminal flower. In some species, the pedicels are recurved. The tepals are free, white, pink, or reddish brown. The presence or absence of nectaries is unknown. The anthers are latrorse. The styles are short and free.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is an ovate to cylindrical capsule and dehisces loculicidally. The seeds are globose to oblong and form papillae. Like Camptorrhiza<\/em>, the other genus in the same tribe, Iphigenia<\/em> forms an aerial stem bearing narrow, conduplicate leaves. However, it differs from Camptorrhiza<\/em> in (1) lacking projections in the middle part of the filaments, and (2) having free styles (red arrow) (Obermeyer 1961, Lekhak et al. 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) \u2013 <\/strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia socotrana<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30e9\u30d3\u30a2\u534a\u5cf6\u6c96\u306e\u30bd\u30b3\u30c8\u30e9\u5cf6\u306b\u81ea\u751f\u3057\u3001\u82b1\u7cf8\u306e\u9014\u4e2d\u306b\u7a81\u8d77\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b (\u767d\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u306f\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e\u306b\u4f3c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u540c\u5c5e\u3068\u8fd1\u7e01\u3067\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3082\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u306f\u307e\u3060\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 3<\/strong>
Iphigenia<\/em> (Iphigenieae) – 3<\/strong>
Iphigenia socotrana<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Frank-Roland Flie\u00df. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/640907373. CC BY-NC. I. socotrana<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Frank-Roland Flie\u00df. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/640906578. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia<\/em> (Iphigenieae) – 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia socotrana<\/em> is native to Socotra, off the Arabian Peninsula, and forms projections in the middle part of the filaments (white arrow). In this respect, it resembles Camptorrhiza<\/em> and may be closely related to that genus, but molecular phylogenetic analysis has not yet been conducted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023)<\/strong> – 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia oliveri<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u7a2e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4e0b\u5411\u304d\u306b\u54b2\u304f\u82b1\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 4<\/strong>
Iphigenia<\/em> (Iphigenieae) – 4<\/strong>
Iphigenia oliveri<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Bart Wursten. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/303796231. CC BY-NC. I. oliveri<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by Duncan McKenzie. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/56151815. CC BY-NC. I. oliveri<\/em>_4: Cropped a photo by Duncan Bart Wursten. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/463919784. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia<\/em><\/strong> (Iphigenieae) – <\/strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia oliveri<\/em> differs from other species of Iphigenia<\/em> in having downward-facing flowers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023<\/strong>) – 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia ratnagirica<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u7a2e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30ab\u30e0\u30d7\u30c8\u30ea\u30b6\u5c5e Camptorrhiza<\/em> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b3\u672c\u306e\u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3066\u5358\u4e00\u306e\u82b1\u67f1\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001Camptorrhiza<\/em> \u3068\u306f\u59c9\u59b9\u7fa4\u3068\u306a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Iphigenia<\/em> \u306b\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u82b1\u67f1\u306f Camptorrhiza<\/em> \u3068\u306f\u72ec\u7acb\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Lekhak et al. 2016)\u3002Iphigenia<\/em> \u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u96e2\u751f\u82b1\u67f1\u3068\u5358\u4e00\u82b1\u67f1\u306e\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3001\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u3084\u81ea\u6b96\u7387\u3068\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306f\u4e0d\u660e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e Wurmbea<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u81ea\u5f8b\u7684\u81ea\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308a\u3001\u65b0\u305f\u306a\u5206\u5e03\u5730\u3067\u306e\u5b9a\u7740\u306b\u6709\u5229\u306b\u50cd\u304f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Case et al. 2008)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023) – 5<\/strong>
Iphigenia<\/em> (Iphigenieae) – 5<\/strong>
Iphigenia ratnagirica<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Aparna Watve. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/208670072. CC BY-NC. I. ratnagirica<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Pravin Sangale. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/623655456. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia<\/em> (Iphigenieae)<\/strong> – 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iphigenia <\/em>ratnagirica<\/em> differs from other species of Iphigenia<\/em> in having three styles fused to form a single style, as in Camptorrhiza<\/em>. However, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that it is not sister to Camptorrhiza<\/em> but is included within Iphigenia<\/em>, suggesting that the single fused style evolved independently from that in Camptorrhiza<\/em> (Lekhak et al. 2016). It is unclear how the difference between free and single fused styles in Iphigenia<\/em> is related to pollinating insects or selfing rates. In Wurmbea<\/em>, however, spreading styles are thought to increase autonomous selfing ability and may facilitate establishment in newly colonized areas (Case et al. 2008).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023 Anguillarieae \u306f2\u5c5e\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u3002\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e Baeometra<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u539f\u7523\u3067\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u897f\u90e8\u306b\u5e30\u5316\u3057\u305f1\u7a2e\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u3002\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e Wurmbea<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u81ea\u751f\u3059\u308b54\u7a2e\u3092\u542b\u3080 (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026)\u3002\u524d\u8ff0\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u4e21\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u5fc3\u76ae\u304c\u5b50\u623f\u4e0a\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u82b1\u67f1\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u4f38\u9577\u305b\u305a\u3001\u8449\u306f\u30ed\u30bc\u30c3\u30c8\u72b6\u306b\u3064\u304f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3057\u306a\u3044\u6027\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306b\u4fdd\u6301\u3055\u308c\u305f\u7956\u5148\u5f62\u8cea\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023 <\/strong>
Anguillarieae<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.<\/a>science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Anguillarieae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Anguillarieae comprises two genera. The genus Baeometra<\/em> consists of a single species that is native to South Africa and naturalized in western Australia. The genus Wurmbea<\/em> includes 54 species native to Australia, Africa, and New Zealand (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026). As described above, in both genera the carpels are free from the upper part of the ovary to the styles, the portion of the aerial stem bearing vegetative leaves does not elongate, and the leaves are arranged in a rosette. Of these characters, the lack of elongation of the aerial stem portion bearing vegetative leaves is considered to be an ancestral character retained in Anguillarieae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e Baeometra<\/em> \u306fBaeometra uniflora<\/em>\u306e1\u7a2e\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308a\u3001Baeometra uniflora<\/em> \u304c\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30d7\u5730\u65b9\u306b\u81ea\u751f\u3057\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u897f\u90e8\u306b\u5e30\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Baeometra<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Baeometra<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae)<\/strong> – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Baeometra<\/em> consists of a single species, Baeometra uniflora<\/em>, which is native to the Cape region of South Africa and naturalized in western Australia (GBIF 2026, POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Buxbaum 1936, Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u5375\u5f62\u306e\u7403\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u5358\u4e00\u306e\u76f4\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u90e8\u5206\u306e\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u306f\u4f38\u9577\u305b\u305a\u3001\u8449\u306f\u30ed\u30bc\u30c3\u30c8\u72b6\u306b\u3064\u304f\u3002\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u4e8c\u3064\u6298\u308a\u72b6\u3067\u30012\u5217\u4e92\u751f\u3057\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306f\u9798\u72b6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u3055\u305d\u308a\u72b6\u96c6\u6563\u82b1\u5e8f scorpioid cyme\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306f\u7d30\u304f\u67c4\u72b6\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u5411\u8ef8\u9762\u306f\u9ec4\u8272\u3067\u3001\u80cc\u8ef8\u9762\u306f\u7d2b\u8272\u3092\u5e2f\u3073\u308b\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5185\u5411\u304b\u3089\u5074\u5411\u3002\u5b50\u623f\u306f\u5186\u7b52\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u5fc3\u76ae\u306f\u5b50\u623f\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u3067\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u3082\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u5186\u7b52\u5f62\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3067\u3001\u80de\u9593\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u3002 \u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u9023\u306e\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u82b1\u67c4\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7956\u5148\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b (\u767d\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 2<\/strong>
Baeometra<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 2<\/strong>
Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_2: Reproduced from Jacquin, N. J. 1793. Melanthium uniflorum<\/em>. Icones plantarum rariorum 2: tab. 450. Public domain. Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_3: Reproduced from Ker Gawler, J. B. 1804. Melanthium uniflorum<\/em>. Curtis\u2019s Botanical Magazine 20: tab. 767. Public domain. Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_4: Reproduced from Jacquin, N. J. 1809. Melanthium ciliatum<\/em>. Fragmenta botanica, figuris coloratis illustrata, tab. 3. Public domain. Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_5: Cropped a photo by Corrie de Toit. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/571491092. CC BY-NC. Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_6: Cropped a photo by eugenevs. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/561771081. CC BY-NC. Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_7: Cropped a photo by Felix Riegel. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/612437763. CC BY-NC. <\/strong>Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_8: Cropped a photo by tania_snyders. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/431200306. CC BY-NC. Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_9: Cropped a photo by Gerrit \u00d6hm. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/551816990. BY-NC. Baeometra uniflora<\/em>_10: Cropped a photo by Francois Cilliers. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/591572199. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Baeometra<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae)<\/strong> <\/strong>– 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology<\/strong> (Buxbaum 1936, Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> An ovoid corm is formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> A single, erect aerial stem is formed. The portion of the aerial stem bearing vegetative leaves does not elongate, and the leaves are arranged in a rosette. In this respect, Baeometra<\/em> differs from Iphigenieae, in which the aerial stem bearing vegetative leaves elongates. The leaves are conduplicate, distichously alternate, and have sheathing bases.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> The inflorescence is a scorpioid cyme. The tepals are free, and their bases are narrowed into a slender claw. The adaxial surface of the tepals is yellow, whereas the abaxial surface is tinged with purple. The anthers are introrse to latrorse. The ovary is cylindrical; the carpels are free at the distal part of the ovary, and the styles are also free.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is a cylindrical capsule and dehisces septicidally. The seeds are globose. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike Wurmbea<\/em>, the other genus in the same tribe, Baeometra<\/em> retains the ancestral character of having pedicels (white arrow).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e Wurmbea<\/em> \u306b\u306f54\u7a2e\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u3001\u71b1\u5e2f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u5357\u90e8\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306b24\u7a2e\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b29\u7a2e\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b1\u7a2e\u304c\u81ea\u751f\u3059\u308b (POWO)\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u304b\u3089\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u3068\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u7cfb\u7d71\u304c\u5206\u5c90\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u7a2e\u7fa4\u304b\u3089\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7523\u306e\u7a2e\u304c\u6d3e\u751f\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Lekhak et al. 2016)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 1<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae)<\/strong> <\/strong>– 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Wurmbea<\/em> includes 54 species: 24 species native from tropical to southern Africa, 29 species native to Australia, and one species native to New Zealand (POWO). Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that the African and Australian lineages diverged, and that the New Zealand species was subsequently derived from the Australian species group (Lekhak et al. 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998, Macfarlane 1987)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u5375\u5f62\u306e\u7403\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u5358\u4e00\u306e\u76f4\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u9798\u72b6\u306e\u6804\u990a\u8449\u3092\u6570\u679a\u5f62\u6210\u3057 (\u9ed2\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u9798\u72b6\u3067\u8449\u8eab\u304c\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u6804\u990a\u8449\u30921\u307e\u305f\u306f2\u679a\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b (\u7dd1\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002\u6804\u990a\u8449\u30922\u679a\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3082\u3001\u7bc0\u9593\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u305b\u305a\u3001\u8449\u304c\u8fd1\u63a5\u3057\u3066\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u30a4\u30d4\u30b2\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u3001\u5c0f\u578b\u7a2e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u4e0b\u56f3\u306e W. glassii<\/em> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u3042\u307e\u308a\u4e8c\u3064\u6298\u308a\u72b6\u306b\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001W. stricta<\/em> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9577\u3044\u8449\u3092\u3082\u3064\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u8449\u304c\u4e8c\u3064\u6298\u308a\u72b6\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5f37\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u3063\u3066\u81ea\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82b1\u67c4\u3092\u6b20\u304f\u305f\u3081\u7a42\u72b6\u82b1\u5e8f\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u82b1\u5e8f\u306f\u3055\u305d\u308a\u72b6\u96c6\u6563\u82b1\u5e8f scorpioid cyme \u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u57fa\u90e8\u3067\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u70b9\u3067\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u4e0a\u5199\u771f\u306e W. stricta<\/em> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5408\u7740\u90e8\u304c\u975e\u5e38\u306b\u77ed\u304f\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u7a2e\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u3001\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u7d30\u304f\u67c4\u72b6\u306b\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u767d\u8272\u3001\u7d2b\u8272\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7dd1\u8272\u3067\u3001\u5411\u8ef8\u5074\u306b1\u307e\u305f\u306f2\u500b\u306e\u871c\u817a\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u871c\u817a\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8272\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u304f\u3001\u9001\u7c89\u8005\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8996\u899a\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5185\u5411\u304b\u3089\u5074\u5411\u3002\u5b50\u623f\u306f\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u5186\u7b52\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u5fc3\u76ae\u306f\u5b50\u623f\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u3067\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u3082\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u5186\u7b52\u5f62\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3067\u3001\u80de\u9593\u88c2\u958b\u3057\u3001\u307e\u308c\u306b\u80de\u80cc\u88c2\u958b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u80de\u9593\u88c2\u958b\u3068\u80de\u80cc\u88c2\u958b\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u3067\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u540c\u3058\u9023\u306e\u30d0\u30a8\u30aa\u30e1\u30c8\u30e9\u5c5e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u82b1\u67c4\u304c\u9000\u7e2e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002 \u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306b\u9694\u96e2\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e – 3\u304b\u30898\u3067\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u7523\u306e\u7a2e\u30019\u3067\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u7523\u306e\u7a2e\u300110\u3067\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u7523\u306e\u7a2e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u898b\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 2<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 2<\/strong>
Wurmbea glassii<\/em>_1: Reproduced from Wright, C.H. 1913. Hooker\u2019s Icones Plantarum, ser. 4, 10 [= vol. 30]: tab. 2931, as Neodregea glassii<\/em>. CC Public domain. W. stricta<\/em>_1: Reproduced from Sims, J. 1803. Melanthium junceum<\/em>. Curtis\u2019s Botanical Magazine 16: tab. 558. CC Public domain. W. stricta<\/em>_2: Wurmbea stricta<\/em>_20130404_2. CC BY-NC. W. stricta<\/em>_3: Wurmbea stricta<\/em>_20130404_2. CC BY-NC. W. stricta<\/em>_4: Wurmbea stricta<\/em>_20130404_2. CC BY-NC. W. glassii<\/em>_2: Reproduced from Wright, C.H. 1913. Hooker\u2019s Icones Plantarum, ser. 4, 10 [= vol. 30]: tab. 2931, as Neodregea glassii<\/em>. CC Public domain. W. glassii<\/em>_3: Reproduced from Wright, C.H. 1913. Hooker\u2019s Icones Plantarum, ser. 4, 10 [= vol. 30]: tab. 2931, as Neodregea glassii<\/em>. CC Public domain.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae)<\/strong> <\/strong>– 2<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998, Macfarlane 1987)
Underground parts:<\/strong> An ovoid corm is formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> A single, erect aerial stem is formed. Several sheathing vegetative leaves are produced (black arrow), and one or two vegetative leaves with a sheathing base and an expanded leaf blade are also formed (green arrow). Even when two vegetative leaves are formed, the internode does not elongate and the leaves are produced close together. In this respect, Wurmbea<\/em> differs from Iphigenieae. In small species, such as W. glassii<\/em> shown in the upper figure, the leaves often do not become strongly conduplicate. In contrast, in species with long leaves, such as W. stricta<\/em>, the leaves are often conduplicate, which increases their rigidity and enables them to stand upright.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> Because the flowers lack pedicels, the inflorescence appears spike-like, but it is a scorpioid cyme. The tepals are connate at the base, differing in this respect from Baeometra<\/em>, in which the tepals are free. However, in some species, such as W. stricta<\/em> shown in the upper photograph, the connate portion is very short, and the tepals appear to be free. Unlike Baeometra<\/em>, the tepals are not narrowed into a slender claw at the base. The tepals are white, purple, or green, and one or two nectaries are formed on the adaxial side. The nectaries often differ in colour from the tepals and are considered to be effective for visual recognition by pollinators. The anthers are introrse to latrorse. As in Baeometra<\/em>, the ovary is cylindrical; the carpels are free at the distal part of the ovary, and the styles are also free.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is a cylindrical capsule and dehisces septicidally, rarely loculicidally, or by both septicidal and loculicidal dehiscence. The seeds are globose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Unlike Baeometra<\/em>, the other genus in the same tribe, Wurmbea<\/em> has reduced pedicels.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em> has a disjunct distribution in Africa, Australia, and New Zealand. The following sections introduce African species in Wurmbea<\/em> – 3 to 8, Australian species in section 9, and the New Zealand species in section 10.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u4e2d\u592e\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306b\u871c\u817a\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3084\u8272\u306f\u7a2e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b (Nordenstam 1978, 1986; Macfarlane 1987)\u3002\u4e0a\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306b\u793a\u3057\u305f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u75234\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u4e0a\u306b\u871c\u817a\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W. pusilla<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u30c9\u30e9\u30b1\u30f3\u30b9\u30d0\u30fc\u30af\u5c71\u8108\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u6a19\u9ad8\u7d043000 m\u306e\u5c71\u9802\u4ed8\u8fd1\u306e\u6e7f\u5730\u306b\u81ea\u751f\u3057\u3001\u3068\u304d\u306b\u6c34\u6ca1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b (Nordenstam 1978)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 3<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 3<\/strong>
Wurmbea burttii<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Oreophilus. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/607672999. CC BY-NC-ND. W. tenuis<\/em> ssp. goetzei<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by coqwallon. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/118697131. CC BY-NC. W<\/em>. angustifolia<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Felix Riegel. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/240815376. CC BY-NC. W. pusilla<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Sachin Doarsamy. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/656337534. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae) – 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Wurmbea<\/em>, nectaries are formed near the middle of the tepals, and their morphology and colour vary among species (Nordenstam 1978, 1986; Macfarlane 1987). In all four African species shown in the photographs above, nectaries are visible on the tepals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

W. pusilla<\/em> grows in wetlands near mountain summits at about 3000 m elevation in the Drakensberg Mountains of South Africa, where it may sometimes become submerged (Nordenstam 1978).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea kraussii<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u871c\u817a\u304c\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3088\u308a\u3084\u3084\u77ed\u3044\u7a0b\u5ea6\u307e\u3067\u821f\u5f62\u306e\u5f01\u72b6\u306b\u9686\u8d77\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u7a2e\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 4<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 4<\/strong>
Wurmbea kraussii_<\/em>2: Cropped from a photo by Richard Booth, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/574146409, CC BY-NC. W. kraussii_<\/em>3: Cropped from a photo by Linda Loffler, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/600509898, CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae) – <\/strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea kraussii<\/em> differs from other species of Wurmbea<\/em> in that its nectaries are raised into boat-shaped, valve-like structures that reach almost as high as the stamens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

W. spicata<\/em> \u3068 W. recurva<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30d7\u5730\u65b9\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3001\u82b1\u3092\u5bc6\u306b\u3064\u3051\u305f\u7a42\u72b6\u82b1\u5e8f\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 5<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 5<\/strong>
Wurmbea spicata<\/em> var. spicata<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by\u00a0 Richard Adcock. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/15268974. CC BY-NC. W. recurva<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Carina Lochner. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/15698753. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae) – <\/strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

W. spicata<\/em> and W. recurva<\/em> are both distributed in the Cape region of South Africa and form densely flowered spike-like inflorescences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea elatior<\/em> \u306f\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u6771\u90e8\u306b\u81ea\u751f\u3057\u3001\u82b1\u304b\u3089\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u306e\u7cde\u81ed\u6210\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30f3\u30c9\u30fc\u30eb\u3084\u30b9\u30ab\u30c8\u30fc\u30eb\u306a\u3069\u3092\u653e\u51fa\u3057\u3066\u7cde\u306b\u64ec\u614b\u3057\u3001\u7cde\u98df\u6027\u306e\u30cf\u30a8\u985e\u3092\u8a98\u5f15\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b (Johnson et al. 2020)\u3002\u30cf\u30ca\u30a2\u30d6\u985e\u3068\u30cf\u30c1\u985e\u3092\u4e3b\u306a\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u3068\u3059\u308b Wurmbea kraussii<\/em> \u306e\u82b1\u306b W. elatior<\/em> \u306e\u82b1\u306e\u5302\u3044\u6210\u5206\u3092\u4ed8\u4e0e\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u8a2a\u82b1\u6606\u866b\u7fa4\u96c6\u306f\u7cde\u98df\u6027\u306e\u30cf\u30a8\u985e\u304c\u512a\u5360\u3059\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5302\u3044\u304c\u8a98\u5f15\u306b\u6709\u52b9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u305f (Johnson et al. 2020)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 6<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 6<\/strong>
Wurmbea elatior_<\/em>1: Cropped from a photo by Felix Riegel. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/319546762. CC BY-NC. W. elatior_<\/em>2: Cropped a photo by Ina Loots. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/349010822. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae) – <\/strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea elatior<\/em> is native to eastern South Africa and mimics mammalian dung by emitting floral scent compounds such as indole and skatole, which are characteristic of dung odour, thereby attracting coprophagous flies (Johnson et al. 2020). When floral scent compounds from W. elatior<\/em> were applied to flowers of Wurmbea kraussii<\/em>, whose main pollinators are hoverflies and bees, the flower-visiting insect assemblage became dominated by coprophagous flies, demonstrating that the scent is effective in attracting them (Johnson et al. 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30d7\u5730\u65b9\u306b\u81ea\u751f\u3059\u308bWurmbea capensis<\/em>\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u304c\u9855\u8457\u306b\u7652\u5408\u3057\u7b52\u72b6\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u304c\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3068\u7652\u5408\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 7<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 7<\/strong>
Wurmbea capensis<\/em>-1: Cropped a phot by ugor. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/555083821. CC BY-NC. W. capensis<\/em>-2: Cropped a phot by Jean Stephenson. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/562632742. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae) – <\/strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea capensis<\/em>, native to the Cape region of South Africa, has a conspicuously connate perianth that forms a tube, and the perianth is fused with the stamens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea capensis<\/em> \u306f\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u30b1\u30fc\u30d7\u5730\u65b9\u306b\u81ea\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u672c\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u9855\u8457\u306b\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3066\u82b1\u88ab\u7b52\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u3055\u3089\u306b\u82b1\u88ab\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u3082\u5408\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 8<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 8<\/strong>
Wurmbea glassii<\/em>-4: Cropped a photo by Nicola van Berkel. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/15269780. CC BY-SA. W. glassii<\/em>-5: Cropped a photo by Grant Forbes. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/287850051. CC BY-NC. W. glassii<\/em>-6: Reproduced from Wright, C.H. 1913. Hooker\u2019s Icones Plantarum, ser. 4, 10 [= vol. 30]: tab. 2931, as Neodregea glassii<\/em>. Public domain.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae)<\/strong> – 8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea capensis<\/em> is native to the Cape region of South Africa. In this species, the tepals are conspicuously connate and form a perianth tube, and the perianth is also fused with the stamens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2<\/strong>\u9023<\/strong>) – <\/strong>9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e – 3\u304b\u30898\u3067\u898b\u3066\u304d\u305f\u7a2e\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u81ea\u751f\u3057\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u4e21\u6027\u82b1\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u7523\u7a2e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6027\u7684\u591a\u578b\u3092\u793a\u3059\u7a2e\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001Wurmbea dioica<\/em> ssp. alba<\/em> \u3068 W. biglandulosa<\/em> ssp. biglandulosa<\/em> \u3067\u8a73\u3057\u3044\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Nordenstam 1978, 1986; Macfarlane 1980, 1987; Case et al. 2008)\u3002\u524d\u8005\u306f\u4e21\u6027\u682a\u3001\u96cc\u682a\u3001\u96c4\u682a\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u4e21\u6027\u682a\u3068\u96cc\u682a\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u96c6\u56e3\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001\u4e21\u6027\u682a\u3068\u96cc\u682a\u304c\u6df7\u5728\u3059\u308b\u96cc\u6027\u4e21\u5168\u6027\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u3001\u96cc\u96c4\u7570\u682a\u306e\u96c6\u56e3\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u305d\u306e\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u306a\u96c6\u56e3\u306a\u3069\u304c\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u3001Wurmbea<\/em> \u306e\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u7523\u7a2e\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073 Wurmbea<\/em> \u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u6027\u7684\u591a\u578b\u306f\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u4e21\u6027\u82b1\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u6027\u7684\u591a\u69d8\u6027\u3092\u751f\u307f\u51fa\u3059\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u306f\u3001Wurmbea<\/em> \u306e\u3046\u3061\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u305f\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b (Case et al. 2008)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u81ea\u6b96\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u4e21\u6027\u82b1\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u96c6\u56e3\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4ed6\u6b96\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u5358\u6027\u82b1\u3092\u542b\u3080\u96c6\u56e3\u3078\u306e\u9032\u5316\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u6b96\u304c\u8d77\u3053\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u6761\u4ef6\u4e0b\u3067\u3001\u81ea\u6b96\u3092\u907f\u3051\u3066\u4ed6\u6b96\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7e41\u6b96\u3067\u304d\u308b\u5358\u6027\u82b1\u500b\u4f53\u304c\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u6709\u5229\u306b\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Case and Barrett 2004a, 2004b; Vaughton and Ramsey 2004)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea dioica<\/em> ssp. alba<\/em> \u3068 W. biglandulosa<\/em> ssp. biglandulosa<\/em> \u306e\u4e21\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e21\u6027\u682a\u3068\u96cc\u682a\u304c\u6df7\u5728\u3059\u308b\u96c6\u56e3\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4e7e\u71e5\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3044\u96c6\u56e3\u307b\u3069\u96cc\u682a\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u50be\u5411\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u4e7e\u71e5\u30b9\u30c8\u30ec\u30b9\u304c\u5f37\u3044\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u306f\u3001\u9001\u7c89\u8005\u306e\u6570\u304c\u6e1b\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3001\u4e7e\u71e5\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u82b1\u304c\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u306a\u3063\u305f\u308a\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u8a2a\u82b1\u983b\u5ea6\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u4e21\u6027\u82b1\u3067\u306f\u4ed6\u500b\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u82b1\u7c89\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u6e1b\u308a\u3001\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u81ea\u6b96\u304c\u5897\u3048\u3084\u3059\u304f\u306a\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u6b96\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8fd1\u4ea4\u5f31\u52e2\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u81ea\u6b96\u3092\u907f\u3051\u3066\u4ed6\u6b96\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3067\u304d\u308b\u96cc\u682a\u304c\u3001\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u6709\u5229\u306b\u306a\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b (Case and Barrett 2004a; Vaughton and Ramsey 2004)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u307e\u305f\u3001Wurmbea dioica<\/em> ssp. alba<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e21\u6027\u82b1\u3001\u96c4\u82b1\u3001\u96cc\u82b1\u306e\u9593\u3067\u3001\u82b1\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u3001\u871c\u91cf\u3001\u958b\u82b1\u6642\u671f\u304c\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u9055\u3044\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3001\u9001\u7c89\u8005\u306f\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u82b1\u3092\u540c\u3058\u3088\u3046\u306b\u306f\u8a2a\u308c\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u82b1\u7c89\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3084\u82b1\u7c89\u3092\u904b\u3073\u51fa\u3059\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u82b1\u306e\u578b\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u504f\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u4e21\u6027\u82b1\u3067\u306f\u4ed6\u500b\u4f53\u304b\u3089\u82b1\u7c89\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u53d6\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u304c\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u306a\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u6b96\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u81ea\u6b96\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8fd1\u4ea4\u5f31\u52e2\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u5834\u5408\u3001\u81ea\u6b96\u3092\u907f\u3051\u3066\u4ed6\u6b96\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u96cc\u682a\u3084\u3001\u4ed6\u500b\u4f53\u3078\u82b1\u7c89\u3092\u9001\u308b\u96c4\u682a\u306a\u3069\u306e\u5358\u6027\u82b1\u682a\u304c\u76f8\u5bfe\u7684\u306b\u6709\u5229\u306b\u306a\u308a\u3001\u96c6\u56e3\u5185\u306b\u7dad\u6301\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b (Case and Barrett 2004b)\u3002 \u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6027\u7684\u591a\u578b\u304c\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306e\u7a2e\u7fa4\u306b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u7a2e\u7fa4\u3067\u306f\u4e21\u6027\u82b1\u3057\u304b\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u82b1\u5668\u5b98\u5f62\u6210\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u308b\u907a\u4f1d\u7684\u8981\u56e0\u3082\u542b\u3081\u305f\u3055\u3089\u306a\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 9<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 9<\/strong>
Wurmbea dioica<\/em> ssp. alba<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by asmolbugobserver. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/555511683. CC BY-NC. W. dioica<\/em> ssp. alba<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by sarraj. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/409229917. CC BY-NC. W. dioica<\/em> ssp. alba<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by Hugo Innes. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/309580063. CC BY. W. biglandulosa<\/em> ssp. biglandulosa<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Adrian Gale. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/95182428. CC BY-NC. W. biglandulosa<\/em> ssp. biglandulosa<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Liz Snow. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/238261718. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae)<\/strong> <\/strong>– 9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The species examined so far in Wurmbea<\/em> – 3 to 8 are all native to Africa and all produce bisexual flowers. In contrast, some Australian species of Wurmbea<\/em> show sexual polymorphism, and detailed studies have been conducted on Wurmbea dioica<\/em> ssp. alba<\/em> and W. biglandulosa<\/em> ssp. biglandulosa<\/em> (Nordenstam 1978, 1986; Macfarlane 1980, 1987; Case et al. 2008). The former produces hermaphroditic, female, and male plants, whereas the latter produces hermaphroditic and female plants. At the population level, gynodioecious populations in which hermaphroditic and female plants coexist, dioecious populations, and intermediate populations have been observed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In contrast, sexual polymorphism is not known in African species of Wurmbea<\/em> or in species of Colchicaceae outside Wurmbea<\/em>, all of which produce bisexual flowers. This suggests that the mechanism generating sexual diversity evolved in the common ancestor of Wurmbea<\/em> that expanded its distribution to Australia (Case et al. 2008).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The evolution from populations composed only of bisexual flowers, which readily self-fertilise, to populations containing unisexual flowers, which promote outcrossing, may have occurred under conditions in which selfing is favoured. Under such conditions, individuals with unisexual flowers, which avoid selfing and reproduce by outcrossing, may become relatively advantageous (Case and Barrett 2004a, 2004b; Vaughton and Ramsey 2004).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 10<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea novae-zelandiae<\/em> \u306f\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u306e\u6e7f\u5730\u306b\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u3001\u82b1\u830e\u306e\u9ad8\u3055\u304c\u7d045 cm\u3068\u5c0f\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306f\u901a\u5e386\u500b\u3001\u5fc3\u76ae\u3068\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u901a\u5e383\u500b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u672c\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u3068\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u304c3\u304b\u30894\u500b\u3001\u5fc3\u76ae\u3068\u82b1\u67f1\u304c1\u304b\u30893\u500b\u306b\u5909\u5316\u3059\u308b (Heenan et al. 2017)\u3002\u305f\u3068\u3048\u3070\u3001\u5de6\u4e0a\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306e\u82b1\u3067\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c4\u679a\u3001\u53f3\u4e0b\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306e\u82b1\u3067\u306f\u5fc3\u76ae\u3068\u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c2\u672c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u304c\u8449\u5316\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u672c\u7a2e\u306f\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3001\u9ad8\u3055\u7d0415 cm\u306e\u82b1\u830e\u306b1\u82b1\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b Wurmbea uniflora<\/em> \u3068\u59c9\u59b9\u7a2e\u3067\u3042\u308b (Heenan et al. 2017)\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u5e83\u304c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u81ea\u6b96\u80fd\u529b\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308a\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3078\u306e\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u5206\u6563\u5f8c\u306b\u3001\u30cb\u30e5\u30fc\u30b8\u30fc\u30e9\u30f3\u30c9\u3067\u5b9a\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3046\u3048\u3067\u6709\u5229\u306b\u50cd\u3044\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Case et al. 2008)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a6\u30eb\u30f3\u30d9\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a2\u30f3\u30ae\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023) – 10<\/strong>
Wurmbea<\/em> (Anguillarieae) – 10<\/strong>
Wurmbea novae-zelandiae<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Jane Gosden. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/178727845. CC BY-NC-SA. W. novae-zelandiae<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by taylajane. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/626499602. CC BY-NC. W. novae-zelandiae<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by Jane Gosden. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/178727855. CC BY-NC-SA. W. uniflora<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by grampianshiker. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/437475691. CC BY.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea<\/em><\/strong> (Anguillarieae)<\/strong> <\/strong>– 10<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wurmbea novae-zelandiae<\/em> is endemic to wetlands in New Zealand and is a small species, with scapes about 5 cm tall. In other species of Wurmbea<\/em>, the tepals and stamens are usually six in number, and the carpels and styles are usually three in number. In this species, however, the number of tepals and stamens varies from three to four, and the number of carpels and styles varies from one to three (Heenan et al. 2017). For example, the flower in the upper left photograph has four tepals, whereas the flower in the lower right photograph has two carpels and two styles. In addition, some tepals may become leaf-like. This species is sister to Wurmbea uniflora<\/em>, which is distributed in Australia and bears a single flower on a scape about 15 cm tall (Heenan et al. 2017). The spreading of the styles is thought to increase autonomous selfing ability and may have been advantageous for establishment in New Zealand after long-distance dispersal from Australia (Case et al. 2008).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong> – <\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023 Colchiceae \u306f\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e Gloriosa<\/em> \u306f\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u306b\u3082\u5206\u5e03\u3092\u5e83\u3052\u300111\u7a2e\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Sandersonia<\/em> \u3068\u30d8\u30ad\u30b5\u30ad\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u5c5e Hexacyrtis<\/em> \u306f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u5357\u90e8\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c1\u7a2e\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u3002\u30aa\u30eb\u30cb\u30bd\u30b0\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u30e0\u5c5e Ornithoglossum<\/em> \u306f\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u6771\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u5357\u90e8\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u30017\u7a2e\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e Colchicum<\/em> \u306f\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u3067\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u591a\u69d8\u5316\u3057\u305f\u5c5e\u3067\u3001165\u7a2e\u304c\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3001\u897f\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023 – 1<\/strong>
Colchiceae – 1<\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colchiceae – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchiceae is distributed mainly in Africa. The genus Gloriosa<\/em> has expanded its distribution into Asia, and 11 species are known. The genera Sandersonia<\/em> and Hexacyrtis<\/em> are distributed in southern Africa and each consists of a single species. The genus Ornithoglossum<\/em> is distributed from eastern to southern Africa, and seven species are known. The genus Colchicum<\/em> is the most diversified genus in Colchicaceae, with 165 species distributed from Africa to the Mediterranean region, Europe, and western Asia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong> – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u4e0b\u5411\u304d\u306e\u82b1\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u306f\u3001\u4e0a\u5411\u304d\u306e\u82b1\u304b\u3089\u3001\u4e0b\u5411\u304d\u3067\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u82b1\u304c\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5f8c\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u3001\u518d\u3073\u4e0a\u5411\u304d\u3067\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u3089\u306a\u3044\u82b1\u304c\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023 – 2<\/strong>
Colchiceae – 2<\/strong>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by John Sim. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/702939332. CC BY-NC. Sandersonia aurantiaca<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Sharon Louw. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/585633535. CC BY-NC. Ornithoglossum vulgare<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Collette Hurt. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/640302386. CC BY-NC. Hexacyrtis dickiana<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Albert @ LeafLove Safari. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/517296097. CC BY-NC. Colchicum ritchii<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by omermeshulam. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/678362511. CC BY-NC. Colchicum melanthioides<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Allan Ellis. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/532787187. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colchiceae – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Colchiceae, the genera other than Colchicum<\/em> are characterized by nodding flowers with reflexed tepals. Therefore, in the common ancestor of Colchiceae, erect flowers may have evolved into nodding flowers with reflexed tepals, and subsequently, in the common ancestor of Colchicum<\/em>, erect flowers with non-reflexed tepals most likely evolved again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e Gloriosa<\/em> \u306b\u306f11\u7a2e\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u4e3b\u306b\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u3068\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u30aa\u30fc\u30b9\u30c8\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u6771\u90e8\u306b\u5e30\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b (POWO)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 1<\/strong>
Gloriosa <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Eleven species are known in the genus Gloriosa<\/em>, which is distributed mainly in Africa and Asia. It is also naturalized in eastern Australia (POWO).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u7403\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u7403\u830e\u306f\u4e8c\u53c9\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4e38\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u830e\u306f\u76f4\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u3084\u3084\u3064\u308b\u6027\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u7121\u67c4\u3067\u3001\u4e92\u751f\u3001\u5bfe\u751f\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u8f2a\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u6241\u5e73\u306a\u8449\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306f\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u5404\u8449\u814b\u306b\u3001\u82b1\u67c4\u3092\u3082\u3064\u82b1\u30921\u500b\u305a\u3064\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u306f\u4e0b\u5782\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u9ec4\u8272\u3001\u6a59\u8d64\u8272\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e8c\u8272\u6027\u3067\u3001\u7e01\u304c\u6ce2\u6253\u3064\u7a2e\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5185\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3057\u30661\u672c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5148\u7aef\u4ed8\u8fd1\u30673\u672c\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u80de\u80cc\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u8d64\u8272\u306e\u8089\u8cea\u7a2e\u76ae sarcotesta \u304c\u767a\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3002 \u8449\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u304c\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306e\u5171\u901a\u7956\u5148\u3067\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u5f62\u8cea\u3060\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e\u3067\u3082\u53ce\u6582\u7684\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong>
Gloriosa <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>2<\/strong>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by Chayant Gonsalves. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/634639040. CC BY-NC. \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_6: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_6. CC BY-NC. \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_7: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_7. CC BY-NC. \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_4: Reproduced from Hooker, W. J. 1853. Littonia modesta<\/em>. Curtis\u2019s Botanical Magazine 79 [ser. 3, vol. 9]: tab. 4723. \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_5: Cropped a photo by williambennett75. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/689007468. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology <\/strong>(Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A corm is formed. The corm may be bifurcate or rounded.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> The stem is erect or somewhat climbing. The leaves are sessile and arranged alternately, oppositely, or in whorls. The tips of the flat leaves become tendrils.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> A single pedicellate flower is borne in each leaf axil. The flowers are pendent. The tepals are free and reflexed in many species. The tepals are yellow, orange-red, or bicoloured, and in some species their margins are undulate. The anthers are introrse. The styles are fused into a single style and divide into three branches near the apex.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit dehisces loculicidally. The seeds are ellipsoid, and a red fleshy sarcotesta is well developed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The character in which the leaf tip becomes a tendril is considered to have evolved in the common ancestor of Gloriosa<\/em>, but it also evolved convergently in Sandersonia<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023) – 3<\/strong> : \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u306e\u8449\u5148\u306e\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u306e\u8449\u8eab\u90e8\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u5074 (\u5199\u771f\u306e\u9ed2\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u3067\u306f\u8868\u88cf\u306e\u533a\u5225\u304c\u660e\u77ad\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052\u3068\u306a\u308b\u8449\u5148\u90e8\uff08\u8d64\u8272\u77e2\u5370\uff09\u306f\u3001\u8449\u8eab\u90e8\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u3084\u3084\u592a\u304f\u7d30\u9577\u3044\u5186\u67f1\u72b6\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u5916\u5f62\u306f\u653e\u5c04\u76f8\u79f0\u7684\u306b\u898b\u3048\u308b\u304c\u3001\u7dad\u7ba1\u675f\u306f\u80cc\u8179\u6027\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b (Arber 1920)\u3002\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u306f\u786c\u304f\u68d8\u72b6\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u4ed6\u7269\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u304b\u304b\u308a\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u8449\u5148\u306f\u3001\u4ed6\u7269\u306b\u63a5\u89e6\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306b\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4f38\u9577\u3092\u7d9a\u3051\u308b\u3002\u8868\u76ae\u7d30\u80de\u306e\u8868\u9762\u306b\u306f\u7e26\u65b9\u5411\u306b\u7d30\u9577\u3044\u755d\u304c\u591a\u6570\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u8449\u5148\u3068\u4ed8\u7740\u7269\u3068\u306e\u9593\u306e\u6469\u64e6\u3092\u9ad8\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b (Rjosk et al. 2017)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023) – 3<\/strong> : \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u306e\u8449\u5148\u306e\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052<\/strong>
Gloriosa <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>3 : Leaf-tip tendrils of Gloriosa superba<\/em><\/strong>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_13: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_13. CC BY-NC. \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 G. superba<\/em>_14: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_14. CC BY-NC. \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 G. superba<\/em>_15: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_15. CC BY-NC. \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 G. superba<\/em>_16: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_16. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>3 : <\/strong>Leaf-tip tendrils of <\/strong>Gloriosa superba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In the distal part of the leaf blade of Gloriosa<\/em> superba <\/em>(black arrow in the photograph), the distinction between the adaxial and abaxial surfaces is clear. In contrast, the leaf-tip region that develops into a tendril (red arrow) differs from the leaf blade in becoming a somewhat thickened, slender cylindrical structure. Thus, its external morphology appears radially symmetrical, but the vascular bundles retain dorsiventrality (Arber 1920). The tip of the tendril becomes hard and spine-like, making it easy to catch on surrounding objects. The leaf tip continues to elongate regardless of whether it comes into contact with surrounding objects. Numerous longitudinally elongated ridges are formed on the surface of the epidermal cells, increasing friction between the leaf tip and the support to which it attaches (Rjosk et al. 2017).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023) – 4<\/strong> : \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306e\u3064\u308b\u6027\u3068\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308a\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa\u306b\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308a\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u307b\u307c\u76f4\u89d2\u306b\u66f2\u304c\u308b\u7a2e\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070Gloriosa superba<\/em>\uff09\u3068\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u5f37\u304f\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u3089\u305a\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u66f2\u304c\u3089\u306a\u3044\u7a2e\uff08\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u4e0a\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306eGloriosa rigidifolia<\/em>\uff09\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f8c\u8005\u306f\u304b\u3064\u3066\u30ea\u30c3\u30c8\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5eLittonia<\/em>\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3082\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u3088\u308a\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u3068\u5358\u7cfb\u7d71\u7fa4\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u308f\u304b\u308a\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306b\u7d71\u5408\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Thi et al. 2013)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023) – 4<\/strong> : \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306e\u3064\u308b\u6027\u3068\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308a\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u6027<\/strong>
Gloriosa <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>4 : Diversity in climbing habit and tepal reflexion in Gloriosa<\/em><\/strong>
Gloriosa rigidifolia<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Manuel R Popp. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/174698901. CC BY. G. rigidifolia<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Manuel R Popp. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/169349621. CC BY.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>4 : <\/strong>Diversity in climbing habit and tepal reflexion in <\/strong>Gloriosa<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa<\/em> includes species with strongly reflexed tepals and a style bent almost at a right angle, such as Gloriosa superba<\/em>, as well as species with tepals that are not strongly reflexed and a style that is scarcely bent, such as Gloriosa rigidifolia <\/em>(above photos). The latter were once treated as members of the genus Littonia<\/em>, but molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that they form a monophyletic group with Gloriosa<\/em>. They are therefore now included in Gloriosa<\/em> (Thi et al. 2013).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 5<\/strong> : \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306e\u82b1\u88ab\u306e<\/strong>\u8272\u5f69<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306e\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u8272\u306f\u9ec4\u8272\u3001\u6a59\u8d64\u8272\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e8c\u8272\u6027\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba <\/em>\u306e\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306b\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u30aa\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u8272\u304b\u3089\u8d64\u8272\u3068\u9ec4\u8272\u306e\u6a21\u69d8\u306f\u3001\u30c1\u30e7\u30a6\u985e\u306b\u8a8d\u8b58\u3055\u308c\u3084\u3059\u304f\uff08Weiss 1997)\u3001V\u5b57\u578b\u306e\u6a21\u69d8\u306f\u871c\u817a\u3078\u306e\u8a98\u5f15\u8def\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6a5f\u80fd\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\uff08Daniels et al. 2020)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023) – 5<\/strong> : \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306e\u82b1\u88ab\u306e\u8272\u5f69<\/strong>
Gloriosa <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>5 : Perianth coloration in Gloriosa<\/em><\/strong>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_12: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_12. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>5 : <\/strong>Perianth coloration in <\/strong>Gloriosa<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The tepals of Gloriosa<\/em> are yellow, orange-red, or bicoloured. The orange-to-red and yellow pattern seen on the tepals of Gloriosa<\/em> superba <\/em>is easily recognized by butterflies (Weiss 1997), and the V-shaped pattern may function as a guide leading them to the nectaries (Daniels et al. 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 6<\/strong> :\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u306e\u9577\u3044\u53e3\u543b\u7528\u306e\u871c<\/strong>\u817a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30e6\u30ea\u76ee\u306e\u5171\u6709\u6d3e\u751f\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u4e0a\u306b\u82b1\u88ab\u871c\u817a\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba <\/em>\u306e\u871c\u817a\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u5411\u8ef8\u5074\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u30c1\u30e7\u30a6\u985e\u306f\u5de6\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306e\u82b1\u5f01\u5411\u8ef8\u5074\u306e\u5165\u53e3\u304b\u3089\u53e3\u543b\u3092\u5dee\u3057\u8fbc\u307f (\u70b9\u7dda)\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u871c\u817a\u304b\u3089\u5438\u871c\u3059\u308b\u3002\u871c\u817a\u3078\u306e\u5165\u53e3\u306f\u3001\u53e3\u543b\u306e\u77ed\u3044\u6606\u866b\u306e\u5438\u871c\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u3001\u53e3\u543b\u306e\u9577\u3044\u30c1\u30e7\u30a6\u985e\u306b\u3088\u308b\u8a2a\u82b1\u3092\u4fc3\u9032\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b (Daniels et al. 2020)\u3002\u30c1\u30e7\u30a6\u985e\u304c\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u3063\u305f\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u871c\u817a\u3078\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7fc5\u306e\u4e0b\u9762\u304c\u846f\u306b\u63a5\u89e6\u3057\u3001\u82b1\u7c89\u304c\u4ed8\u7740\u3059\u308b (Daniels et al. 2020)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023) – 6<\/strong> :\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u306e\u9577\u3044\u53e3\u543b\u7528\u306e\u871c\u817a<\/strong>
Gloriosa <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>6 : nectaries adapted for long proboscides in Gloriosa superba<\/em><\/strong>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_10: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_10. CC BY-NC. \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_11: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_11. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>6 : <\/strong>nectaries adapted for long proboscides in <\/strong>Gloriosa superba<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A shared derived character of Liliales is the presence of tepal nectaries on the tepals. In Gloriosa superba<\/em>, the nectaries are located at the adaxial base of the tepals. Butterflies insert their proboscides through the entrance on the adaxial side of the tepal shown in the photograph on the left (dotted line) and feed on nectar from the nectaries at the tepal base. The entrance to the nectary is thought to restrict nectar access by insects with short proboscides and to promote visitation by long-proboscid butterflies (Daniels et al. 2020). When butterflies approach the nectaries at the base of the reflexed tepals, the undersides of their wings come into contact with the anthers and become dusted with pollen (Daniels et al. 2020).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 7<\/strong> :\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u306e\u307b\u307c\u76f4\u89d2\u306b\u66f2\u304c\u308b\u96cc<\/strong>\u305a\u3044<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u76f4\u89d2\u306b\u66f2\u304c\u308b\u7a2e\u3068\u3001\u307b\u307c\u307e\u3063\u3059\u3050\u306a\u82b1\u67f1\u3092\u3082\u3064\u7a2e\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba <\/em>\u306e\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u3001\u767a\u751f\u904e\u7a0b\u3067\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u5411\u8ef8\u5074\uff08\u82b1\u306e\u4e0a\u5074\uff09\u3078\u307b\u307c\u76f4\u89d2\u306b\u5c48\u66f2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u5b50\u623f\u3067\u306f\u5411\u8ef8\u5074\u306e\u5b50\u623f\u5ba4\u306e\u5927\u304d\u3055\u304c\u80cc\u8ef8\u5074\u306e\u5b50\u623f\u5ba4\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5c0f\u3055\u304f\u3001\u857e\u306e\u6bb5\u968e\u3067\u3059\u3067\u306b\u5c48\u66f2\u304c\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3002\u67f1\u982d\u306f\u846f\u3088\u308a\u7a81\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u4ed6\u500b\u4f53\u306e\u82b1\u7c89\u3092\u4ed8\u7740\u3057\u305f\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30b7\u30ed\u30c1\u30e7\u30a6\u79d1\u306e\u30c1\u30e7\u30a6\u985e\u306f\u3001\u8a2a\u82b1\u6642\u306b\u307e\u305a\u67f1\u982d\u306b\u63a5\u89e6\u3057\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002\u305d\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001\u81ea\u5bb6\u53d7\u7c89\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u4f4e\u4e0b\u3057\u3001\u4ed6\u5bb6\u53d7\u7c89\u306e\u5272\u5408\u304c\u9ad8\u307e\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\uff08Daniels et al. 2020)\u3002\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u96cc\u305a\u3044\u306e\u5c48\u66f2\u306f\u3001Lilium martagon<\/em>\u3067\u3082\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\uff08Brantjes and Bos 1980, Corbera et al. 2018)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023) – 7<\/strong> :\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u306e\u307b\u307c\u76f4\u89d2\u306b\u66f2\u304c\u308b\u96cc\u305a\u3044<\/strong>
Gloriosa <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>7 : a style of Gloriosa superba<\/em> bent almost at a right angle<\/strong>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_8: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_8. CC BY-NC. \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5 Gloriosa superba<\/em>_9: Gloriosa superba<\/em>_20260612_9. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>7 : <\/strong>a style of <\/strong>Gloriosa superba<\/em><\/strong> bent almost at a right angle<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Gloriosa<\/em>, some species have styles that bend at a right angle, whereas others have nearly straight styles. The style of Gloriosa superba<\/em> becomes bent almost at a right angle toward the adaxial side, i.e. the upper side of the flower, during development. In the ovary, the adaxial locule is smaller than the abaxial locule, and the curvature is already evident at the bud stage. Because the stigma protrudes beyond the anthers, pierid butterflies carrying pollen from other individuals are likely to contact the stigma first when visiting the flower. This is thought to reduce the frequency of self-pollination and increase the frequency of cross-pollination (Daniels et al. 2020). A similar curvature of the pistil has also been observed in Lilium martagon<\/em> (Brantjes and Bos 1980; Corbera et al. 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 8<\/strong> : \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306e\u8089\u8cea\u7a2e\u76ae<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u9023\u306e\u30c1\u30b4\u30e6\u30ea\u5c5e Disporum<\/em> \u304c\u6db2\u679c\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3001\u540c\u9023\u306e\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e Uvularia<\/em> \u304a\u3088\u3073\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u306e Schelhammera multiflora<\/em> \u3092\u9664\u304f\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50\u306b\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u52d5\u7269\u6563\u5e03\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Nordenstam 1998)\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e Gloriosa<\/em> \u3067\u3082\u52d5\u7269\u6563\u5e03\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u7a2e\u5b50\u5f62\u8cea\u304c\u53ce\u6582\u7684\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u8d64\u3044\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9ce5\u6563\u5e03\u3055\u308c\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Nordenstam 1998)\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u8d64\u3044\u8089\u8cea\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u30a6\u30d6\u30e9\u30ea\u30a2\u5c5e\u3084\u30c8\u30ea\u30d7\u30e9\u30c7\u30cb\u30a2\u9023\u3067\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3001\u80da\u73e0\u306e\u7e2b\u7dda\u90e8\u304c\u80a5\u539a\u3057\u305f\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306e\u8d64\u3044\u8089\u8cea\u90e8\u5206\u306f\u3001\u5916\u7a2e\u76ae\u306e\u5916\u5c64\u304c\u80a5\u539a\u3057\u3066\u8089\u8cea\u5316\u3057\u305f\u8089\u8cea\u7a2e\u76ae (sarcotesta) \u3067\u3042\u308b (Nordenstam 1998; le Roux et al. 1997; Silveira et al. 2016)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023) – 8<\/strong> : \u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u306e\u8089\u8cea\u7a2e\u76ae<\/strong>
Gloriosa <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>8 : Sarcotesta of Gloriosa<\/em> seeds<\/strong>
Gloriosa superba<\/em>_17: Cropped a photo by Ton Rulkens. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/14872918441. CC BY-SA. Silveira, S.R., Dornelas, M.C., and Martinelli, A.P. (2016). Front. Plant Sci. 7, 230478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/FPLS.2016.01919\/TEXT. CC BY.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gloriosa <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>8 : <\/strong>Sarcotesta<\/strong> of <\/strong>Gloriosa<\/em><\/strong> seeds<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Colchicaceae, the genus Disporum<\/em> in Uvularieae forms berries, and strophioles are formed on the seeds in Uvularia<\/em> in the same tribe and in all species of Tripladenieae except Schelhammera multiflora<\/em>. These characters are thought to be associated with animal dispersal (Nordenstam 1998). In Gloriosa<\/em>, seed characters associated with animal dispersal have also evolved convergently. In this genus, red seeds are formed and are inferred to be possibly bird-dispersed (Nordenstam 1998). However, the red fleshy part is not a strophiole formed by the thickening of the raphe region of the ovule, as evolved in Uvularia<\/em> and Tripladenieae. In Gloriosa<\/em>, the red fleshy part is a sarcotesta, formed by thickening and fleshy development of the outer layer of the testa (Nordenstam 1998; le Roux et al. 1997; Silveira et al. 2016).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> \u2013 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e Sandersonia<\/em> \u306f1\u7a2e\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308a\u3001Sandersonia aurantiaca<\/em> \u304c\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30a8\u30b9\u30ef\u30c6\u30a3\u30cb\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 1<\/strong>
Sandersonia <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sandersonia <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Sandersonia<\/em> consists of a single species, Sandersonia aurantiaca<\/em>, which is distributed in South Africa and Eswatini (POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u4e8c\u53c9\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u305f\u7403\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u830e\u306f\u76f4\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u7121\u67c4\u3067\u830e\u3092\u62b1\u304d\u3001\u4e92\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u6241\u5e73\u3067\u62ab\u91dd\u5f62\u3001\u5148\u7aef\u306f\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u5404\u8449\u814b\u306b\u3001\u82b1\u67c4\u3092\u3082\u3064\u82b1\u30921\u500b\u305a\u3064\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u306f\u4e0b\u5782\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u306f\u58fa\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u9418\u5f62\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u304c\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306b\u306f\u77ed\u3044\u8ddd\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u306f\u6a59\u8272\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5185\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3057\u30661\u672c\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5148\u7aef\u5074\u30673\u672c\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u5375\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u9577\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3067\u3001\u80de\u9593\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u8868\u9762\u306b\u3044\u307c\u72b6\u7a81\u8d77\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002 \u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u8449\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u304c\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u91e3\u9418\u5f62\u306e\u82b1\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u5408\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306b\u8ddd\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u304c\u5dfb\u304d\u3072\u3052\u3068\u306a\u308b\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u3001\u30b0\u30ed\u30ea\u30aa\u30b5\u5c5e\u3067\u3082\u53ce\u6582\u7684\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u30b5\u30f3\u30c0\u30fc\u30bd\u30cb\u30a2\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong>
Sandersonia <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>2<\/strong>
Sandersonia aurantiaca<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Sharon Louw. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/585633565. CC BY-NC. S. aurantiaca<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by Sharon Louw. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/585633521. CC BY-NC. S. aurantiaca<\/em>_4: Cropped a photo by werner_m. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/344464966. CC BY-NC. S. aurantiaca<\/em>_5: Cropped a photo by werner_m. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/344465049. CC BY-NC. S. aurantiaca<\/em>_6: Cropped a photo by Peter Warren. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/15745655. Public domain. S. aurantiaca<\/em>_7: Reproduced from Hooker, W. J. 1853. Sandersonia aurantiaca<\/em>. Curtis\u2019s Botanical Magazine 79 [ser. 3, vol. 9]: tab. 4716. Public domain.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Sandersonia <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology <\/strong>(Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A bifurcate corm is formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> The stem is erect. The leaves are sessile, stem-clasping, and alternate. They are flat and lanceolate, and their tips become tendrils.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> A single pedicellate flower is borne in each leaf axil. The flowers are pendent. The tepals are connate, and the perianth is urceolate to campanulate, with the distal parts reflexed. The tepals have short spurs. The perianth is orange. The anthers are introrse. The styles are fused into a single style and divide into three branches toward the apex.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is an ovoid to oblong capsule and dehisces septicidally. The seeds are globose, with wart-like projections on the surface.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sandersonia<\/em> is characterized by leaf tips modified into tendrils, campanulate flowers, connate tepals, and spurred tepals. The character in which the leaf tips become tendrils has also evolved convergently in Gloriosa<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30aa\u30eb\u30cb\u30bd\u30b0\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u30e0<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30aa\u30eb\u30cb\u30bd\u30b0\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u30e0\u5c5e Ornithoglossum<\/em> \u306f9\u7a2e\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u6771\u90e8\u304b\u3089\u5357\u90e8\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30aa\u30eb\u30cb\u30bd\u30b0\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u30e0\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 1<\/strong>
Ornithoglossum <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>1<\/strong>

POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ornithoglossum <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Ornithoglossum<\/em> consists of nine species and is distributed from eastern to southern Africa (POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30aa\u30eb\u30cb\u30bd\u30b0\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u30e0<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u4e8c\u53c9\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u305f\u7403\u830e\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u830e\u306f\u76f4\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5206\u679d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u7121\u67c4\u3067\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u6298\u308a\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306f\u9798\u72b6\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u830e\u3092\u62b1\u304f\u3002\u8449\u306f2\u5217\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u5404\u8449\u814b\u306b\u3001\u82b1\u67c4\u3092\u3082\u3064\u82b1\u30921\u500b\u305a\u3064\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u306f\u4e0b\u5782\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u5411\u8ef8\u5074\u306b\u871c\u817a\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u9ec4\u8272\u3001\u7dd1\u8272\u3001\u304f\u3059\u3093\u3060\u8910\u8272\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u9ed2\u8272\u3067\u3001\u4e8c\u8272\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3082\u306e\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5916\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u9577\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3067\u3001\u80de\u9593\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30aa\u30eb\u30cb\u30bd\u30b0\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u30e0\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023\u306e\u7956\u5148\u7684\u306a\u5f62\u8cea\u3092\u4fdd\u6301\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u5c5e\u3092\u7279\u5fb4\u3065\u3051\u308b\u660e\u77ad\u306a\u56fa\u6709\u5f62\u8cea\u306f\u898b\u3044\u3060\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u30aa\u30eb\u30cb\u30bd\u30b0\u30ed\u30c3\u30b5\u30e0\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong>
Ornithoglossum <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>2<\/strong>

Ornithoglossum glaucum<\/em>_1: Reproduced from Buxbaum, F. (1936). Die Entwicklungslinien der Lilioideae. I. Die Wurmbaeoideae. Bot. Arch. 38<\/em>, 213\u2013293. O. glaucum<\/em>_2: Reproduced from Salisbury, R. A. and Hooker, W. 1806. Ornithoglossum glaucum<\/em>. In: The Paradisus Londinensis; or Coloured Figures of Plants Cultivated in the Vicinity of the Metropolis, tab. 54. D. N. Shury, London. Public domain. O. vulgare<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Justin Allart. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/679871925. CC BY-NC. O. viride<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Jean Stephenson. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/699847347. CC BY-NC. O. viride<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Elmar van Rooyen. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/697684329. CC BY-NC. O. viride<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by Martjie Fia Fourie. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/234516275. CC BY-NC. O. viride<\/em>_4: Cropped a photo by mikebrunke. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/409278906. CC BY-NC. O. undulatum<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by SIYU ZHANG. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/690810514. CC BY-NC. O. undulatum<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by SIYU ZHANG. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/690810437. CC BY-NC. O. viride<\/em>_5: Cropped a photo by Jacobus Retief. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/559008962. CC BY-NC. O. viride<\/em>_6: Cropped a photo by Adam Labuschagne. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/453716051. CC BY-NC. O. viride<\/em>_7: Cropped a photo by Adam Labuschagne. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/453715117. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ornithoglossum <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology <\/strong>(Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A bifurcate corm is formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> The stem is erect, either unbranched or branched. The leaves are sessile, conduplicate, and stem-clasping, with sheathing bases. They are distichous.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> A single pedicellate flower is borne in each leaf axil. The flowers are pendent. The tepals are free and reflexed. Nectaries are present on the adaxial side of the tepals. The tepals are yellow, green, dull brown, or black, and many are bicoloured. The anthers are extrorse. The styles are free.
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is an oblong capsule and dehisces septicidally. The seeds are globose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d8\u30ad\u30b5\u30ad\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d8\u30ad\u30b5\u30ad\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u5c5e Hexacyrtis<\/em> \u306f1\u7a2e\u306e\u307f\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308a\u3001Hexacyrtis dickiana<\/em> \u304c\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30ca\u30df\u30d3\u30a2\u306b\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b (POWO 2026)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30d8\u30ad\u30b5\u30ad\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 1<\/strong>
Hexacyrtis <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hexacyrtis <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Hexacyrtis<\/em> consists of a single species, Hexacyrtis dickiana<\/em>, which is distributed in South Africa and Namibia (POWO 2026).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d8\u30ad\u30b5\u30ad\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b <\/strong>(Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u7c97\u3044\u7db2\u76ee\u72b6\u306e\u5916\u76ae\u3092\u3082\u3064\u7403\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b (Vinnersten and Manning 2007)\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u830e\u306f\u76f4\u7acb\u3057\u3001\u5358\u4e00\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e0a\u90e8\u3067\u5206\u679d\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u306f\u7121\u67c4\u3067\u3001\u4e8c\u3064\u6298\u308a\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u57fa\u90e8\u306f\u9798\u72b6\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u830e\u3092\u62b1\u304f\u3002\u8449\u306f2\u5217\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82de\u3092\u4f34\u30462\u304b\u30896\u82b1\u304b\u3089\u306a\u308b\u6563\u5f62\u72b6\u82b1\u5e8f\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u306f\u4e0b\u5782\u3059\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u308b\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u8ddd\u304c\u3042\u308b (\u767d\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u9ec4\u8272\u3068\u8d64\u8910\u8272\u306e\u4e8c\u8272\u6027\u3092\u793a\u3059\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5916\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3001\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b (\u9ed2\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u9577\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3067\u3001\u80de\u80cc\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u7403\u5f62\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d8\u30ad\u30b5\u30ad\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u6563\u5f62\u72b6\u82b1\u5e8f\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3059\u308b (Vinnersten and Manning 2007)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30d8\u30ad\u30b5\u30ad\u30eb\u30c6\u30a3\u30b9\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong>
Hexacyrtis <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>2<\/strong>
Hexacyrtis dickiana<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Albert @ LeafLove Safari. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/517675459. CC BY-NC. H. dickiana<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by csrimage. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/684333299. CC BY-NC. H. dickiana<\/em>_4: Cropped a photo by chiarawithc. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/547907752. BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Hexacyrtis <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A corm with a coarse reticulate tunic is formed (Vinnersten and Manning 2007).
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> The stem is erect, either unbranched or branched in the upper part. The leaves are sessile, conduplicate, and stem-clasping, with sheathing bases. They are distichous.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> An umbel-like inflorescence with two to six bracteate flowers is formed. The flowers are pendent. The tepals are free and reflexed. The tepals have spurs at the base (white arrow). The tepals are bicoloured, yellow and reddish brown. The anthers are extrorse. The styles are fused, with only the apical part free (black arrow).
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is an oblong capsule and dehisces loculicidally. The seeds are globose.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hexacyrtis<\/em> is characterized by its umbel-like inflorescence (Vinnersten and Manning 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e Colchicum<\/em> \u306f\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u3067\u3082\u3063\u3068\u3082\u591a\u69d8\u5316\u3057\u305f\u5c5e\u3067\u3001165\u7a2e\u304c\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u65b9\u3001\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u3001\u897f\u30a2\u30b8\u30a2\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5206\u5e03\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5357\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u304b\u3089\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5317\u30a2\u30d5\u30ea\u30ab\u306e\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u5730\u57df\u3078\u3001\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30822\u56de\u5206\u6563\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014)\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u8981\u56e0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u5206\u6563\u304c\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u3001\u5206\u6563\u5148\u3067\u306e\u591a\u69d8\u5316\u3092\u53ef\u80fd\u306b\u3057\u305f\u524d\u9069\u5fdc\u304c\u3042\u3063\u305f\u306e\u304b\u3069\u3046\u304b\u306f\u3001\u307e\u3060\u660e\u3089\u304b\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 1<\/strong>
Colchicum <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>1<\/strong>
POWO (2026). Plants of the World Online. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Published on the Internet: https:\/\/powo.science.kew.org\/. Retrieved 13 June 2026. Distribution data from Kew Backbone Distributions (WCVP), licensed under CC BY 3.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Colchicum<\/em> is the most diversified genus in Colchicaceae, with 165 species distributed from Africa to the Mediterranean region, Europe, and western Asia. In Colchiceae, at least two dispersal events from South Africa to Europe and the Mediterranean region of North Africa have been inferred (Chac\u00f3n and Renner 2014). However, the factors that enabled long-distance dispersal, and whether any preadaptations facilitated diversification in the newly colonized areas, remain unclear.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f62\u614b <\/strong>(Nordenstam 1998)
\u5730\u4e0b\u90e8:<\/strong> \u7a81\u8d77\u306e\u3042\u308b\u7403\u5f62\u307e\u305f\u306f\u4e8c\u53c9\u306b\u5206\u304b\u308c\u305f\u7403\u830e\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u830e\u8449:<\/strong> \u830e\u306f\u76f4\u7acb\u3059\u308b\u304c\u77ed\u304f\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u306f\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u73fe\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3002\u8449\u306f\u6839\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u8449\u8eab\u306f\u7dda\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u5375\u5f62\u3067\u3001\u958b\u82b1\u671f\u306b\u82b1\u3068\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u958b\u82b1\u5f8c\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002
\u82b1\u5e8f, \u82b1:<\/strong> \u82b1\u306f\u5358\u751f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u53e2\u751f\u3057\u3001\u4e0a\u5411\u304d\u306b\u958b\u304f\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3001\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u306f\u871c\u817a\u304c\u3042\u308b (\u9ec4\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306f\u7d2b\u8272\u3002\u846f\u306f\u5185\u5411\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3066\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u306e\u307f\u96e2\u751f\u3059\u308b\u3002\u958b\u82b1\u6642\u306b\u306f\u5b50\u623f\u304c\u5730\u4e0b\u306b\u3042\u308a\u3001\u7403\u830e\u5185\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b (\u8d64\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002
\u679c\u5b9f, \u7a2e\u5b50:<\/strong> \u679c\u5b9f\u306f\u6955\u5186\u5f62\u304b\u3089\u7403\u5f62\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u3067\u3001\u80de\u9593\u88c2\u958b\u3059\u308b\u3002\u958b\u82b1\u6642\u306b\u5730\u4e0b\u306e\u7403\u830e\u5185\u306b\u3042\u308b\u5b50\u623f\u306f\u3001\u6804\u990a\u30b7\u30e5\u30fc\u30c8\u306e\u4f38\u9577\u306b\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b (\u767d\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002\u7a2e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u306f\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50\u306b\u30b9\u30c8\u30ed\u30d5\u30a3\u30aa\u30fc\u30eb\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b (\u9ec4\u7dd1\u8272\u77e2\u5370)\u3002 \u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u5730\u4e0a\u830e\u3092\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u3082\u305f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u4e0a\u5411\u304d\u306b\u958b\u304f\u82b1\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3001\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u53cd\u308a\u8fd4\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306b\u871c\u817a\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3053\u3068\u3092\u7279\u5fb4\u3068\u3059\u308b\u3002\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306b\u871c\u817a\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u7531\u6765\u306e\u871c\u817a\u304c\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b (Manning et al. 2007)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 2<\/strong>
Colchicum <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>2<\/strong>
Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_16: Reproduced from K\u00f6hler and Pabst (1887), K\u00f6hler\u2019s Medizinal-Pflanzen 1: plate. 25. Public domain. C. rechingeri<\/em>_1: Colchicum rechingeri<\/em>_20170305_1. CC BY-NC. C. speciosum<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0435\u0439 \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0447\u0430\u043a. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/270826093. CC BY. C. montanum<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by irenaaxmanova. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/689134478. CC BY-NC. C. montanum<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by J. IGNASI. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/531606766. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Morphology<\/strong> (Nordenstam 1998)
Underground parts:<\/strong> A globose corm with projections, or a bifurcate corm, is formed.
Stem and leaves:<\/strong> The stem is erect but short and scarcely emerges above ground. The leaves are radical. The leaf blades are linear to ovate and expand either at the same time as flowering or after flowering.
Inflorescences and flowers:<\/strong> The flowers are solitary or fascicled and open upwards. The tepals are free or connate and not reflexed. Nectaries are present at the base of the stamens (yellow arrow). The tepals are purple. The anthers are introrse. The styles are free, or fused with only the apical part free. At flowering, the ovary is subterranean and located within the corm (red arrow).
Fruits and seeds:<\/strong> The fruit is an elliptic to globose capsule and dehisces septicidally. The ovary, which is located within the subterranean corm at flowering, emerges above ground as the vegetative shoot elongates (white arrow). In some species, strophioles are formed on the seeds (yellow-green arrow).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum<\/em> is characterized by the near absence of an aerial stem, upward-opening flowers, non-reflexed tepals, and staminal nectaries. Whereas nectaries are formed on the tepals in other genera of Colchicaceae, in Colchicum<\/em> nectaries of staminal origin are formed at the base of the stamens (Manning et al. 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e\u306e\u591a\u304f\u306e\u79cb\u54b2\u304d\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u304c\u5148\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u3001\u8449\u306f\u958b\u82b1\u5f8c\u307e\u305f\u306f\u7fcc\u6625\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3059\u308b (\u5199\u771f\u4e0a\u6bb5)\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u591a\u304f\u306e\u6625\u54b2\u304d\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u3068\u8449\u304c\u540c\u6642\u306b\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u73fe\u308c\u308b (\u5199\u771f\u4e0b\u6bb5)\u3002\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u6a39\u304b\u3089\u306f\u5f8c\u8005\u304c\u7956\u5148\u7684\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u79cb\u54b2\u304d\u306f\u8907\u6570\u56de\u72ec\u7acb\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u305f\u3068\u63a8\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Persson et al. 2018)\u3002\u79cb\u306b\u958b\u82b1\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6625\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u5468\u56f2\u306e\u690d\u7269\u304c\u7e41\u8302\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3089\u305a\u82b1\u304c\u76ee\u7acb\u3061\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3001\u307e\u305f\u9001\u7c89\u8005\u3092\u3081\u3050\u308b\u7af6\u4e89\u304c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u5c11\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u306a\u3069\u3001\u9069\u5fdc\u7684\u306a\u5229\u70b9\u304c\u3042\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b (Persson et al. 2018)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 3<\/strong>
Colchicum <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>3<\/strong>
Colchicum montanum<\/em>_3: Cropped a photo by Antonio Rico Garc\u00eda. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/620839156. CC BY-NC. C. cilicicum<\/em>_1: Colchicum cilicicum<\/em>_20160829_1. CC BY-NC. C. triphyllum<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by emilyhuang1970. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/652246705. CC BY-NC. C. luteum<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by orzimatturginov. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/257863620. CC BY-NC. C. hungaricum<\/em>_1: Colchicum hungaricum<\/em>_20170304_1. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In many autumn-flowering species of Colchicum<\/em>, the flowers appear first, and the leaves expand after flowering or in the following spring (upper photographs). In contrast, in many spring-flowering species, the flowers and leaves emerge above ground at the same time (lower photographs). Molecular phylogenetic analysis suggests that the latter condition is ancestral, and that autumn flowering evolved independently multiple times (Persson et al. 2018). Flowering in autumn may have adaptive advantages, such as making the flowers more conspicuous because surrounding vegetation is less dense than in spring, and reducing competition for pollinators (Persson et al. 2018).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum dregei<\/em>, C. rechingeri<\/em>, C. villosum<\/em> \u306a\u3069\u306f\u3001\u5bc6\u306b\u82b1\u3092\u3064\u3051\u308b\u82b1\u5e8f\u3068\u5927\u304d\u306a\u82de\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306f\u30a2\u30f3\u30c9\u30ed\u30b7\u30f3\u30d3\u30a6\u30e0\u5c5e Androcymbium<\/em> \u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3001Androcymbium<\/em> \u3092\u5206\u96e2\u3059\u308b\u3068\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e Colchicum<\/em> \u304c\u5074\u7cfb\u7d71\u7fa4\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7a2e\u306f\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e\u306b\u542b\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Manning et al. 2007)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 4<\/strong>
Colchicum <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>4<\/strong>
Colchicum dregei<\/em>_1: Colchicum dregei<\/em>_20150225_1. CC BY-NC. C. dregei<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by Brian du Preez. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/300525214. CC BY-SA. C. rechingeri<\/em>_1: Androcymbium rechingeri<\/em>_20170305_1. CC BY-NC. C. rechingeri<\/em>_2: Androcymbium rechingeri<\/em>_20170305_1. CC BY-NC. C. villosum<\/em>_1: Colchicum villosum<\/em>_20170305_1. CC BY-NC. C. villosum<\/em>_2: Colchicum villosum<\/em>_20170305_2. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>4<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum dregei<\/em>, C. rechingeri<\/em>, C. villosum<\/em>, and related species were formerly treated as the genus Androcymbium<\/em> because they form densely flowered inflorescences and large bracts. However, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that Colchicum<\/em> becomes paraphyletic if Androcymbium<\/em> is segregated, and these species are now included in Colchicum<\/em> (Manning et al. 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum bulbocodium<\/em> (\u5de6\u304a\u3088\u3073\u4e2d\u592e\u306e\u5199\u771f) \u306f\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u5148\u7aef\u8fd1\u304f\u307e\u3067\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e\u306e\u7a2e (\u53f3\u306e\u5199\u771f) \u3068\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u5f93\u6765\u306f Bulbocodium<\/em> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5225\u5c5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u3066\u304d\u305f\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u3088\u308a Colchicum<\/em> \u306e\u5185\u7fa4\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e Colchicum<\/em> \u306b\u542b\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Manning et al. 2007)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 5<\/strong>
Colchicum <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>5<\/strong>
Colchicum bulbocodium<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Franck Le Driant. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/607685056. CC BY-NC. C. autumnale<\/em>_17: Colchicum autumnale<\/em>_20110911_17. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum bulbocodium<\/em> (left and centre photographs) differs from other species of Colchicum<\/em> (right photograph) in having styles that are fused almost to the apex. For this reason, it was formerly treated as a separate genus, Bulbocodium<\/em>. However, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that it is nested within Colchicum<\/em>, and it is now included in the genus Colchicum<\/em> (Manning et al. 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> \u2013 6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u4e00\u822c\u306b\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u5408\u7740\u3057\u3066\u7b52\u72b6\u306b\u306a\u308b\u304c\u3001Colchicum montana<\/em>\u3084C. robustum<\/em> \u306a\u3069\u3067\u306f\u82b1\u88ab\u7247\u304c\u5408\u7740\u305b\u305a\u3001\u96e2\u751f\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u7a2e\u306f\u304b\u3064\u3066 Merendera<\/em> \u3068\u3044\u3046\u5225\u5c5e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u305f\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u89e3\u6790\u306b\u3088\u308a Colchicum<\/em> \u306e\u5185\u7fa4\u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u73fe\u5728\u3067\u306f Colchicum<\/em> \u306b\u542b\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Manning et al. 2007)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 6<\/strong>
Colchicum <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>6<\/strong>
Colchicum montanum<\/em>_4: Colchicum montanum_20160829_4. CC BY-NC. C. robustum<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by azimovbekjon. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/398989979. CC BY-NC. C. robustum<\/em>_2: Cropped a photo by \u041d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044f \u0411\u0435\u0448\u043a\u043e. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/360183658. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>6<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Colchicum<\/em>, the bases of the tepals are generally connate and form a tube. However, in species such as Colchicum montana<\/em> and C. robustum<\/em>, the tepals are free and not connate. For this reason, these species were once treated as a separate genus, Merendera<\/em>. However, molecular phylogenetic analysis showed that they are nested within Colchicum<\/em>, and they are now included in Colchicum<\/em> (Manning et al. 2007).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3<\/strong>\u5c5e<\/strong> (<\/strong>\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023<\/strong>)<\/strong> – 7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e(Androcymbium<\/em> \u3092\u542b\u3080) \u306e\u7403\u830e\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u5730\u4e0b\u306b\u6f5c\u308b\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7403\u6839\u690d\u7269\u306f\u3001\u53ce\u7e2e\u6839\u3068\u547c\u3070\u308c\u308b\u7279\u6b8a\u306a\u6839\u3092\u3082\u3064\u3002\u53ce\u7e2e\u6839 (contractile roots) \u304c\u53ce\u7e2e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7403\u6839\u304c\u5730\u4e0b\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3059\u308b (P\u00fctz 2022)\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e\u3067\u306f\u53ce\u7e2e\u6839\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u7a2e\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b2\u3064\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u7403\u830e\u3092\u5730\u4e0b\u3078\u79fb\u52d5\u3055\u305b\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u6e7f\u3063\u305f\u8349\u5730\u306b\u751f\u3048\u308b C. autumnale<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u3001\u7403\u830e\u306f\u6df1\u305515\u201325 cm \u306b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u591a\u3044\u3002\u6bce\u5e74\u3001\u65b0\u3057\u3044\u7403\u830e\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u308b\u969b\u306b\u3001\u4e0b\u65b9\u3078\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u77ed\u3044\u530d\u5310\u679d\u304c\u5f62\u6210\u3055\u308c\u300115\u201320\u5e74\u304b\u3051\u3066\u305d\u306e\u6df1\u3055\u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b (Fritsche 1955)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u4e00\u65b9\u3001C. stevenii<\/em> \u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4e7e\u71e5\u3057\u305f\u8349\u5730\u306b\u751f\u3048\u308b\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7403\u830e\u306f1\u5e74\u3067\u5730\u8868\u4e0b6\u20138 cm \u306b\u9054\u3059\u308b\u3002C. stevenii<\/em> \u3067\u306f\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50\u304b\u3089\u4e00\u6b21\u6839\u304c\u4f38\u9577\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u6839\u306e\u76ae\u5c64\u304c\u5d29\u58ca\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u5d29\u58ca\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u751f\u3058\u305f\u7a7a\u9593\u306b\u3001\u672c\u8449 (\u5730\u4e0a\u8449) \u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u304c\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u4ed8\u968f\u3059\u308b\u5e7c\u82bd\u3092\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u4e0b\u964d\u4f38\u9577\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f (Galil 1968)\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u4e00\u6b21\u6839\u306e\u4e2d\u3092\u3001\u8449\u306e\u57fa\u90e8\u306b\u5305\u307e\u308c\u305f\u830e\u9802\u5206\u88c2\u7d44\u7e54\u304c\u4e0b\u964d\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u76ae\u5c64\u306e\u5d29\u58ca\u306b\u306f\u3001\u8449\u306e\u4e0b\u90e8\u306b\u751f\u3058\u305f\u4e8c\u6b21\u6839 (\u4e0d\u5b9a\u6839) \u306e\u6839\u51a0\u304c\u95a2\u4e0e\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u793a\u5506\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Galil 1968)\u3002C. ritchii<\/em> \u306e\u7403\u830e\u3082\u3001\u540c\u3058\u65b9\u6cd5\u30671\u5e74\u306e\u3046\u3061\u306b20 cm \u4e0b\u964d\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3042\u308b (Galil 1968)\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001Iris<\/em> \u304a\u3088\u3073 Oxalis<\/em> \u306e\u4e00\u90e8\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u3082\u3001\u540c\u69d8\u306e\u4ed5\u7d44\u307f\u304c\u53ce\u6582\u7684\u306b\u9032\u5316\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b (Galil 1968)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u5c5e (\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u9023)<\/strong> – 7<\/strong>
Colchicum <\/em>(Colchiceae) – <\/em>7<\/strong>
Colchicum stevenii<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Humam Ghanim. https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/467637797. CC BY-NC.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Colchicum <\/em><\/strong>(Colchiceae)<\/strong> – <\/em><\/strong>7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

How do the corms of Colchicum<\/em> (including Androcymbium<\/em>) move underground? Many bulbous plants have specialized roots called contractile roots. By contracting, contractile roots move newly formed bulbs underground (P\u00fctz 2022). In Colchicum<\/em>, however, corms are moved underground not by contractile roots, but by two different mechanisms depending on the species.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In C. autumnale<\/em>, which grows in moist grasslands, the corms are often located at a depth of 15\u201325 cm. Each year, when a new corm is formed, a short downward-growing stolon is produced, and the corm reaches this depth over 15\u201320 years (Fritsche 1955).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In contrast, in species that grow in dry grasslands, such as C. stevenii<\/em>, the corm reaches 6\u20138 cm below the soil surface within a single year. In C. stevenii<\/em>, after the primary root elongates from the seed, the cortex of the primary root disintegrates. Into the space produced by this disintegration, the base of the foliage leaf, together with the associated young bud, elongates downward (Galil 1968). In other words, the shoot apical meristem, enclosed by the leaf base, descends through the primary root. It has been suggested that the root cap of secondary roots (adventitious roots) formed at the lower part of the leaf may be involved in the disintegration of the cortex (Galil 1968).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The corm of C. ritchii<\/em> may also descend by the same mechanism, sometimes reaching a depth of 20 cm within a single year (Galil 1968). A similar mechanism has also evolved convergently in some species of Iris<\/em> and Oxalis<\/em> (Galil 1968).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u30a4\u30cc\u30b5\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u306f\u3001\u590f\u306e\u7d42\u308f\u308a\u306b\u8449\u306b\u5148\u7acb\u3063\u3066\u82b1\u3060\u3051\u3092\u5730\u4e0a\u306b\u4f38\u3070\u3057\u3066\u54b2 … \u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[46,206,1],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1673"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1673"}],"version-history":[{"count":17,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1673\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1866,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1673\/revisions\/1866"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1673"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1673"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1673"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}