{"id":1594,"date":"2026-06-29T16:10:25","date_gmt":"2026-06-29T07:10:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/?p=1594"},"modified":"2026-06-29T16:45:12","modified_gmt":"2026-06-29T07:45:12","slug":"%e3%83%97%e3%83%ac%e3%82%a4%e3%82%aa%e3%82%b9%e3%82%bf%e3%82%ad%e3%82%a2%e5%b1%9e-pleiostachya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/?p=1594","title":{"rendered":"\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30ad\u30a2\u5c5e Pleiostachya<\/strong>"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"<\/a>
\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30ad\u30a2\u5c5e Pleiostachya<\/em><\/strong>
Pleiostachya pruinosa<\/em>_1: Cropped a photo by Wayne A. Hughes, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/149456900, CC BY-NC
Pleiostachya pruinosa<\/em>-2: Cropped a photo by Kevin Faccenda, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/550661109, CC BY
Pleiostachya leiostachya<\/em>-1: Cropped a photo by Marvin L\u00f3pez M. , https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/43078880, CC BY-NC
Pleiostachya leiostachya<\/em>-2: Cropped a photo by Marvin L\u00f3pez M. , https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/43026397, CC BY-NC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30ad\u30a2\u5c5e Pleiostachya<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30ad\u30a2\u5c5e Pleiostachya<\/em> \u306f\u3001\u4e2d\u7c73\u304b\u3089\u5357\u7c73\u5317\u90e8\u306b\u304b\u3051\u3066\u5206\u5e03\u3057\u30013\u7a2e\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (POWO)\u3002P. pruinosa<\/em>\u306f\u82b1\u5e8f\u306e\u82de\u8449\u306b\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u6bdb\u304c\u7121\u3044\u304c\u3001P. <\/em>leiostachya<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u82de\u8449\u306b\u8edf\u6bdb\u304c\u5bc6\u751f\u3057\u3001\u8449\u88cf\u306e\u8272\u3082\u7570\u306a\u308b\uff08Hammel 1986)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Pleiostachya<\/em> is distributed from Central America to northern South America and comprises three recognized species (POWO). Pleiostachya pruinosa<\/em> has almost glabrous inflorescence bracts, whereas in P. leiostachya<\/em> the bracts are densely villous, and the two species also differ in the colour of the abaxial leaf surface (Hammel 1986).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30ad\u30a2\u5c5e\u306e\u7279\u5fb4 Characteristics of the genus Pleiostachya<\/em><\/strong>
Ischnosiphon petiolatus:<\/em> cropped a photo by Pierrot F., https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/617327689, CC BY-NC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30ad\u30a2\u5c5e<\/strong>\u306e\u7279\u5fb4<\/strong> Characteristics of the genus <\/strong>Pleiostachya<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30ad\u30a2\u5c5e\u306f\u3001\u5de6\u53f3\u306b\u6241\u5e73\u306a\u82b1\u5e8f\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u70b9\u3067\u3001\u59c9\u59b9\u7fa4\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30a4\u30b9\u30af\u30ce\u30b7\u30d5\u30a9\u30f3\u5c5e Ischnosiphon<\/em>\u3068\u7570\u306a\u308b (Andersson 1998)\u3002 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The genus Pleiostachya<\/em> differs from its sister genus Ischnosiphon<\/em> in forming laterally flattened inflorescences (Andersson 1998).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u82b1\u67f1\u904b\u52d5\u3068\u4e8c\u6b21\u82b1\u7c89\u63d0\u793a  Style movement and secondary pollen presentation in Marantaceae<\/strong>
Jerominek, M., and Cla\u00dfen-Bockhoff, R. (2015). Electrical signals in prayer plants (Marantaceae)? insights into the trigger mechanism of the explosive style movement. PLoS One 10<\/em>, e0126411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0126411. CC BY 4.0.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u82b1\u67f1\u904b\u52d5\u3068\u4e8c\u6b21\u82b1\u7c89\u63d0\u793a<\/strong>  <\/strong>Style movement and secondary pollen presentation in Marantaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u82b1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u6a5f\u68b0\u523a\u6fc0\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u96cc\u3057\u3079\u306e\u82b1\u67f1\u304c\u52d5\u304d\u3001\u82b1\u7c89\u3092\u4e8c\u6b21\u63d0\u793a\u3059\u308b\u3002\u857e\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u306f\u3001\u5e3d\u5b50\u72b6\u4eee\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u5e3d\u5b50\u72b6\u306b\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u306b\u3001\u96cc\u305a\u3044\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u67f1\u982d\u306e\u80cc\u5074\u3068\u3001\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u846f\u304c\u5165\u308a\u8fbc\u3080\u3002\u82b1\u67f1\u306e\u4f38\u9577\u91cf\u304c\u5e3d\u5b50\u72b6\u4eee\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u4f38\u9577\u91cf\u3088\u308a\u3082\u5927\u304d\u3044\u305f\u3081\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5f8c\u65b9\u306b\u53cd\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u4f38\u9577\u3057\u3001\u5f35\u529b\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3002\u5e3d\u5b50\u72b6\u4eee\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306b\u306f\u7a81\u8d77\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5f15\u304d\u91d1\u72b6\u4ed8\u5c5e\u4f53\u3068\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u3064\u306a\u304c\u308b\u57fa\u90e8\u677f\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u304c\u5f15\u304d\u91d1\u72b6\u4ed8\u5c5e\u4f53\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5f35\u529b\u3092\u84c4\u3048\u305f\u82b1\u67f1\u3092\u62bc\u3055\u3048\u3066\u3044\u305f\u57fa\u90e8\u677f\u304c\u52d5\u304d\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u5411\u8ef8\u5074\u3078\u5dfb\u304d\u8fbc\u3080\u3002\u3053\u306e\u3068\u304d\u3001\u82b1\u67f1\u306f\u67f1\u982d\u80cc\u5074\u306e\u82b1\u7c89\u677f\u306b\u82b1\u7c89\u3092\u4ed8\u3051\u305f\u72b6\u614b\u3067\u52d5\u304f\u305f\u3081\u3001\u82b1\u7c89\u304c\u82b1\u306e\u524d\u9762\u306b\u63d0\u793a\u3055\u308c\u3001\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u306b\u4ed8\u7740\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u591a\u304f\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u82b1\u7c89\u677f\u3068\u67f1\u982d\u306e\u9593\u304c\u5e3d\u5b50\u72b6\u4eee\u96c4\u305a\u3044\u306e\u5148\u7aef\u90e8\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3057\u3063\u304b\u308a\u9589\u3058\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\uff08\u6a21\u5f0f\u56f3\u306e\u8d64\u8272\u77e2\u5370\uff09\u3001Pleiostachya pruinosa<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u3053\u306e\u5bc6\u7740\u304c\u7de9\u304f\u3001\u857e\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u82b1\u7c89\u304c\u67f1\u982d\u306b\u6f0f\u308c\u51fa\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u5bb6\u53d7\u7c89\u3059\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b (Ley and Cla\u00dfen-Bockhoff 2012)\u3002\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u3001\u6e29\u5ba4\u306a\u3069\u9001\u7c89\u6606\u866b\u306e\u3044\u306a\u3044\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u3082\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u3067\u304d\u3084\u3059\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In flowers of Marantaceae, mechanical stimulation causes the style to move, resulting in secondary pollen presentation. In the bud, the distal hood of the hooded staminode encloses the distal part of the pistil, including the dorsal side of the stigma, together with the distal part of the fertile stamen, namely the anther. Because the style elongates more than the hooded staminode, it grows in a backward-bent position and mechanical tension is generated.  The hooded staminode bears a projection that forms the trigger appendage and the connected basal plate. When a pollinating insect touches the trigger appendage, the basal plate that holds the tensioned style in place is displaced, and the style curls adaxially. At this moment, the style moves with pollen attached to the pollen plate on the dorsal side of the stigma; as a result, the pollen is presented at the front of the flower and deposited on the pollinating insect. In many species, the passage between the pollen plate and the stigma is tightly closed by the distal part of the hooded staminode (red arrow in the diagram). In Pleiostachya pruinosa<\/em>, however, this contact is looser, allowing pollen to enter the stigma in the bud and sometimes resulting in self-pollination (Ley and Cla\u00dfen-Bockhoff 2012). This may explain why seeds are readily produced even in environments without pollinating insects, such as greenhouses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
\"\"<\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u304b\u3089\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b\u7a2e\u5b50<\/strong> <\/strong>Seeds protruding from capsules in Marantaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1\u3067\u306f\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u84b4\u679c\u5185\u3067\u6210\u719f\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u7a2e\u8863 aril\u304c\u767a\u9054\u3057\u3066\u81a8\u5f35\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306b\u4f34\u3063\u3066\u679c\u76ae\u304c\u88c2\u958b\u3057\u3066\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u5916\u5074\u3078\u62bc\u3057\u51fa\u3055\u308c\u308b (Grootjen 1983)\u3002Pleiostachya pruinosa<\/em>\u306f\u3001\u8584\u8336\u8272\u306b\u67af\u308c\u304b\u3051\u305f\u84b4\u679c\u304b\u3089\u3001\u9ed2\u3044\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u7a81\u304d\u51fa\u3059\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9732\u51fa\u3059\u308b (\u9ec4\u8272\u77e2\u5370) \u3002\u3053\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u9732\u51fa\u3057\u305f\u7a2e\u5b50\u306f\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u6563\u5e03\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u3060\u308d\u3046\u304b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Marantaceae, when the seeds mature within the capsule, the aril develops and expands, causing the fruit wall to dehisce and the seeds to be pushed outward (Grootjen 1983). In Pleiostachya pruinosa<\/em>, black seeds become exposed as they protrude from pale brown, senescing capsules (yellow arrow). How are these exposed seeds dispersed? <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/a>
\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u6563\u5e03-1 Seed dispersal in Marantaceae_1<\/strong>
Calathea lutea<\/em>: cropped a photo by Oscar Johnson, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/209790037, CC BY-NC-ND
Calathea inocephala<\/em>: cropped a photo by Vanesa Cruz Jumbo, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/205659457, CC BY-NC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
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\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u6563\u5e03-2 Seed dispersal in Marantaceae_2<\/strong>
Pleiostachya leiostachya<\/em>: Cropped a photo by Eduardo Chac\u00f3n Madrigal, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/80935719, CC BY
Goeppertia marantifolia<\/em>:  Cropped a photo by Marco Acu\u00f1a, https:\/\/www.inaturalist.org\/photos\/324684511, CC BY-NC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u6563\u5e03<\/strong> Seed dispersal in Marantaceae<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1Marantaceae\u306e\u7a2e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u9ce5\u6563\u5e03\u3001\u30a2\u30ea\u6563\u5e03\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u305d\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u3088\u308b\u6563\u5e03\u304c\u77e5\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b (Horvitz 1991; Horvitz et al. 2002)\u3002\u30b3\u30b9\u30bf\u30ea\u30ab\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30af\u30ba\u30a6\u30b3\u30f3\u79d1\u306e\u6570\u7a2e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9ce5\u304c\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u679c\u5e8f\u304b\u3089\u6301\u3061\u53bb\u308b\u5272\u5408\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u843d\u8449\u5c64\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u305f\u5834\u5408\u306b\u30a2\u30ea\u985e\u304c\u6301\u3061\u53bb\u308b\u5272\u5408\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u7814\u7a76\u304c\u884c\u308f\u308c\u305f (Horvitz et al. 2002)\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Calathea <\/em>lutea<\/em>\u3001Calathea<\/em> inocephala<\/em>\u3001Pleiostachya pruinosa<\/em>\u3001Goeppertia<\/em> <\/em>marantifolia<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u3001\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u7570\u306a\u3063\u305f\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u84b4\u679c\u304b\u3089\u9732\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002C. <\/em>lutea<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u6843\u8272\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u304b\u3089\u6a59\u8272\u306e\u7a2e\u76ae\u3092\u3082\u3064\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u3001C. <\/em>inocephala<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u30aa\u30ec\u30f3\u30b8\u8272\u306e\u874b\u8cea\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u304b\u3089\u9752\u8272\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u9732\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002P. pruinosa<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u8584\u8336\u8272\u306e\u84b4\u679c\u304b\u3089\u9ed2\u8272\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u9732\u51fa\u3057\u3001G<\/em>. <\/em>marantifolia<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u9752\u8272\u306e\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u9732\u51fa\u3059\u308b\u3002\u306a\u304a\u3001\u4e0a\u306e\u5199\u771f\u306f P. <\/em>leiostachya<\/em>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u305d\u308c\u305e\u308c\u306e\u7a2e\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9ce5\u304c\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u679c\u5e8f\u304b\u3089\u6301\u3061\u53bb\u308b\u5272\u5408\u306f\u3001C<\/em>. <\/em>lutea<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u7d0480%\u3001C. <\/em>inocephala<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u7d0440%\u3001P<\/em>. pruinosa<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u7d0430%\u3001G<\/em>. marantifolia<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u7d0410%\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u4e00\u65b9\u3001\u7a2e\u5b50\u3092\u843d\u8449\u5c64\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u3066\u3001\u30a2\u30ea\u985e\u304c\u6301\u3061\u53bb\u308b\u5272\u5408\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u308b\u3068\u3001C. <\/em>lutea<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u307b\u307c100%\u3001C. <\/em>inocephala<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u307b\u307c0%\u3001P<\/em>. pruinosa<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u7d0440%\u3001G<\/em>. marantifolia<\/em>\u3067\u306f\u7d0490%\u304c\u6301\u3061\u53bb\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3002\u305f\u3060\u3057\u3001C. <\/em>inocephala<\/em>\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8abf\u67fb\u5730\u3067\u5f97\u3089\u308c\u305f\u30c7\u30fc\u30bf\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002C. inocephala<\/em>\u306f\u4ed6\u7a2e\u306b\u6bd4\u3079\u3066\u7a2e\u5b50\u304c\u5927\u304d\u304f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u305f\u3081\u30a2\u30ea\u985e\u304c\u904b\u3070\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3068\u63a8\u6e2c\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u7a2e\u3067\u306f\u3001\u679c\u5e8f\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u304d\u306b\u306f\u9ce5\u306b\u3001\u679c\u5e8f\u304b\u3089\u8131\u843d\u3057\u305f\u5f8c\u306b\u306f\u30a2\u30ea\u985e\u306b\u6563\u5e03\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u4f9d\u5b58\u5ea6\u306f\u7a2e\u3084\u751f\u80b2\u5730\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7570\u306a\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Marantaceae, seed dispersal by birds, by ants, or by both is known in several species (Horvitz 1991; Horvitz et al. 2002). In Costa Rica, a study examined, for several species of Marantaceae, the proportion of seeds removed by birds from infructescences and the proportion of seeds removed by ants when the seeds were placed on the leaf litter (Horvitz et al. 2002).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In Calathea lutea<\/em>, Calathea inocephala<\/em>, Pleiostachya pruinosa<\/em>, and Goeppertia marantifolia<\/em>, seeds with different morphologies are exposed from the capsules. In C. lutea<\/em>, seeds with orange arils are exposed from pink capsules, whereas in C. inocephala<\/em>, blue seeds are exposed from orange, waxy capsules. In P. pruinosa<\/em>, black seeds are exposed from pale brown capsules, and in G. marantifolia<\/em>, blue seeds are exposed. The photograph above shows P. leiostachya<\/em>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The proportion of seeds removed from infructescences by birds was approximately 80% in C. lutea<\/em>, 40% in C. inocephala<\/em>, 30% in P. pruinosa<\/em>, and 10% in G. marantifolia<\/em>. In contrast, when seeds were placed on the leaf litter, the proportion removed by ants was nearly 100% in C. lutea<\/em>, nearly 0% in C. inocephala<\/em>, approximately 40% in P. pruinosa<\/em>, and approximately 90% in G. marantifolia<\/em>. However, the data for C. inocephala<\/em> were obtained at a different site. Calathea inocephala<\/em> has larger seeds than the other species, and this may explain why ants did not remove them. In the other species, seeds may be dispersed by birds while they remain attached to the infructescence and by ants after they fall from the infructescence, although the degree of dependence on each disperser appears to vary among species and habitats.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u8b1d\u8f9e\u3000Acknowledgements<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u672c\u7a3f\u57f7\u7b46\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u540d\u53e4\u5c4b\u5e02\u6771\u5c71\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u5712\u306e\u683d\u57f9\u682a\u3092\u89b3\u5bdf\u3055\u305b\u3066\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304d\u307e\u3057\u305f\u3002\u5fc3\u3088\u308a\u611f\u8b1d\u7533\u3057\u4e0a\u3052\u307e\u3059\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n

I am sincerely grateful to the Nagoya Higashiyama Zoo & Botanical Gardens for allowing me to observe cultivated plants for the preparation of this article.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u5f15\u7528\u6587\u732e  References<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Andersson, L. (1998) Marantaceae. In K. Kubitzki (ed.) 1998. The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants. Vol. IV. Monocotyledons: Alismatanae and Commelinanae (except Gramineae). Springer. Berlin. Pp. 278-293.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Grootjen, C.J. (1983). Development of ovule and seed in Marantaceae. Acta Bot. Neerl. 32<\/em>, 69\u201386.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hammel, B.E. (1986). The vascular flora of La Selva biological station, Costa Rica Marantaceae. Selbyana 9<\/em>, 234\u2013242.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Holvitz, C.C. 1991. Light environments, stage structures and dispersal syndromes of Costa Rican Marantaceae. In Huxley, C.R. and Cutler, D.F. eds, Ant-Plant Interactions. Oxford Univ. Press. pp. 463-485.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Holvitz, C.C., Pizo, M.A., y Belllo, B.B., LeCorff, J. and Dirzo, R. 2002. Are plant species that need gaps for recruitment more attractive to seed-dispersing birds and ants than other species? In Levey, D.J, Silva, W.R., and Galetti, M. eds, Seed Dispersal and Frugivory: Ecology, Evolution and Conservation. CABI Publishing, Oxon, UK. pp. 145-159.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jerominek, M., and Cla\u00dfen-Bockhoff, R. (2015). Electrical signals in prayer plants (Marantaceae)? insights into the trigger mechanism of the explosive style movement. PLoS One 10<\/em>, e0126411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/JOURNAL.PONE.0126411.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ley, A.C., and Cla\u00dfen-Bockhoff, R. (2012). Floral synorganization and its influence on mechanical isolation and autogamy in Marantaceae. Bot. J. Linn.Soc. 168<\/em>, 300\u2013322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/J.1095-8339.2011.01202.X.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30ad\u30a2\u5c5e Pleiostachya \u30d7\u30ec\u30a4\u30aa\u30b9\u30bf\u30ad\u30a2\u5c5e Pleiost … \u7d9a\u304d\u3092\u8aad\u3080 →<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[103],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1594"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1594"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1594\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1610,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1594\/revisions\/1610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1594"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1594"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.nibb.ac.jp\/plantdic\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1594"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}